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Brought to you by New England Biolabs VOLUME 383 | ISSUE 6690 | 29 MAR 2024 Editorial Editorial Strengthen the case for DEI By Shirley Malcom Read more News In Brief News at a glance Read more In Depth  |  Cell Biology Massive RNA sequencing effort proposed By Elizabeth Pennisi U.S. plan would harness the “RNome” for medicine and more—but funding is uncertain Read more In Depth  |  Education West Virginia OKs intelligent design in schools By Jeffrey Mervis Governor signs bill allowing teachers to discuss antievolutionary “theories” Read more In Depth  |  Climate Change Firms aim to capture carbon in the oceans By Robert F. Service Schemes to process seawater may be cheaper than snagging carbon dioxide from the air Read more In Depth  |  Science Policy NIH’s flat budget for 2024 will force ‘very difficult decisions’ By Jocelyn Kaiser Belated Senate and House compromise eliminates policy riders restricting certain studies Read more In Depth  |  Biomedicine Transgenic marmosets mimic Parkinson’s symptoms By Dennis Normile New monkey models promise insight into early stages of degenerative brain disease Read more In Depth  |  Global Health Africa may lead rollout of long-lasting HIV drug By Jon Cohen U.S. agency plans to make inexpensive prevention shots widely available for people at risk Read more In Depth  |  Social Science States in India survey caste membership By Vaishnavi Chandrashekhar Censuses, the first in a century, chart social changes and shape affirmative action programs Read more Feature The dream machine By Adrian Cho An accelerator known as a muon collider could revolutionize particle physics—if it can be built Read more Insights Expert Voices AI in Africa: Basics Over Buzz By Rose M. Mutiso Read more Perspective  |  Infectious Disease Vaccines to control tuberculosis in cattle By Anita L. Michel The age-old cattle disease has resisted rigorous control, but the BCG vaccine may do better Read more Perspective  |  Hypothesis Chemodiversity in freshwater health By Andrew J. Tanentzap, Jérémy A. Fonvielle Dissolved organic matter may offer a way to track and restore the health of fresh waters Read more Perspective  |  Cell Signaling A mitotic stopwatch determines cell fate By Agustina P. Bertolin, Vanesa Gottifredi Surveillance of mitotic timing prevents amplification of damaged cells Read more Perspective  |  Materials Science A more biofriendly piezoelectric material By Linping Wang, Run-Wei Li A ferroelectric molecular crystal displays characteristics required for implantation Read more Perspective  |  Retrospective Ingeborg Levin (1953—2024) By Felix Vogel, Samuel Hammer Pioneer in radiocarbon and atmospheric research Read more Policy Forum  |  Public Health Mandating indoor air quality for public buildings By Lidia Morawska, Joseph Allen, et al. If some countries lead by example, standards may increasingly become normalized Read more Books et al.  |  Climate Change American climate migration By Miriam R. Aczel, Michàlle E. Mor Barak Increasingly inhospitable conditions will change the nation’s demography, argues a journalist Read more Books et al.  |  Engineering Framing tough problems By Donna Riley An engineer urges readers to think more holistically about complex challenges Read more Letter China’s plan to combat antimicrobial resistance By Xinyang Li, Yuye Wu, et al. Read more Letter Chile’s Valparaíso hills on fire By Mauro E. González, Alexandra D. Syphard, et al. Read more Letter  |  Past as Prologue The fern mandolin By Margaret A. Handley Read more Research Research Highlights In Science Journals By Ankit Walia, Marc S. Lavine, et al. Highlights from the Science family of journals Read more Research Highlights In Other Journals By Ankit Walia, Corinne Simonti, et al. Editors’ selections from the current scientific literature Read more Research Article  |  ZOONOMIA Vocal learning–associated convergent evolution in mammalian proteins and regulatory elements By Morgan E. Wirthlin, Tobias A. Schmid, et al. A vocal brain region is identified in bats and leveraged in comparative genomic analyses to reveal the evolution of mammalian vocal behavior. Read more Research Article  |  STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY Molecular mechanism of dynein-dynactin complex assembly by LIS1 By Kashish Singh, Clinton K. Lau, et al. Cryo–electron microscopy reveals the role of the regulator LIS1 in forming active dynein-dynactin complexes. Read more Research Article  |  VACCINATION BCG vaccination reduces bovine tuberculosis transmission, improving prospects for elimination By Abebe Fromsa, Katriina Willgert, et al. Quantification of the protective benefits of BCG vaccination for reduction of transmission of tuberculosis in cattle is described. Read more Research Article  |  CORONAVIRUS Design of a SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease inhibitor with antiviral efficacy in a mouse model By Bin Tan, Xiaoming Zhang, et al. Structure-guided design of SARS-CoV-2 PLpro inhibitors yields an antiviral molecule with in vivo efficacy in a mouse model. Read more Research Article  |  CELL CYCLE Control of cell proliferation by memories of mitosis By Franz Meitinger, Hazrat Belal, et al. A study reveals how cells measure time spent in mitosis and relay that information to daughter cells. Read more Research Article  |  PLANT SCIENCE Biosynthesis of the allelopathic alkaloid gramine in barley by a cryptic oxidative rearrangement By Sara Leite Dias, Ling Chuang, et al. The elusive gene required for the production of the defensive alkaloid gramine in barley hs been discovered. Read more Research Article  |  HYDROGELS A hyperelastic hydrogel with an ultralarge reversible biaxial strain By Lili Chen, Zhekai Jin, et al. A hyperelastic hydrogel is prepared by incorporating reversible “pearl necklace” structures into the hydrogel networks. Read more Research Article  |  MACHINE LEARNING Mechanism for feature learning in neural networks and backpropagation-free machine learning models By Adityanarayanan Radhakrishnan, Daniel Beaglehole, et al. A unified mechanism without backpropagation characterizes feature learning in neural network architectures. Read more Research Article  |  ULTRAFAST OPTICS Ultrafast Kapitza-Dirac effect By Kang Lin, Sebastian Eckart, et al. Diffraction of an electron pulse from a light grating allows for the retrieval of the phase of a free electron wave packet. Read more Research Article  |  NEUROSCIENCE Oxygen imaging of hypoxic pockets in the mouse cerebral cortex By Felix R. M. Beinlich, Antonios Asiminas, et al. GeNL bioluminescence imaging detects the existence of spontaneous transient “hypoxic pockets” in awake behaving mice. Read more Research Article  |  NEUROSCIENCE Selection of experience for memory by hippocampal sharp wave ripples By Wannan Yang, Chen Sun, et al. Hippocampal sharp wave ripples in the awake animal select events to be remembered by selectively consolidating them during sleep. Read more Research Article  |  METABOLISM Pyrimidines maintain mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation to support de novo lipogenesis By Umakant Sahu, Elodie Villa, et al. Evidence for UTP as a phosphate donor for thiamine pyrophosphate formation is found. Read more Research Article  |  PIEZOELECTRICS Biodegradable ferroelectric molecular crystal with large piezoelectric response By Han-Yue Zhang, Yuan-Yuan Tang, et al. A biodegradable molecular crystal has a high piezoelectric response that is useful for strain sensing. Read more Research Article  |  METHANE EMISSIONS Quantifying methane emissions from United States landfills By Daniel H. Cusworth, Riley M. Duren, et al. Landfills across the United States emit substantial amounts of methane. Read more Careers Working Life Shaken up by a shaker By Emily L. Eberhardt Read more Association Affairs Association Affairs Theresa Maldonado is newest AAAS president-elect Morton Ann Gernsbacher and Juan S. Ramírez Lugo reelected to AAAS Board of Directors Read more FIRST RELEASE Read accepted papers posted online ahead of journal publication View all First Release Sign up for ScienceAdviser Science’s free daily newsletter delivers exclusive reporting and analysis as well as the latest science news, commentary, and research. Sign up to delve deeper into what matters most in Science and science. Sign up Journals Science Science Advances Science Immunology Science Robotics Science Signaling Science Translational Medicine Useful links News Careers Commentary Podcast Webinars Prizes and Awards Help Access & Subscriptions Reprints & Permissions Contact Us Follow us

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