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Current Issue of SCIENCE

Table of Contents: 27 January 2012; 335 (6067)

Table of Contents

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Contents

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  • EDITORIAL:

    Teaching Real Science

    • Bruce Alberts
    Science 27 January 2012: 380.[DOI:10.1126/science.1219216]
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  • Science Podcast

    Science 27 January 2012: 481.[DOI:10.1126/science.335.6067.481-b]

    The show includes repeatability in natural selection, livestock grazing and locust outbreaks, new frontiers in supercomputing, and more.

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  • New Products

    Science 27 January 2012: 481.[DOI:10.1126/science.335.6067.481-a]

    A weekly roundup of information on newly offered instrumentation, apparatus, and laboratory materials of potential interest to researchers.

News of the Week

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  • Around the World

    Science 27 January 2012: 384-385.[DOI:10.1126/science.335.6067.384-b]

    In science news around the world this week, outbreaks of H5N1 continue in poultry in south and southeast Asia—and the human death toll mounts; the University of Tokyo plans to shift the start of its school year from April to autumn; researchers are looking for signs of life in the Tissint meteorites; the Natural History Museum in London is under fire for its scientific cooperation with an Israeli company that conducts research in the occupied West Bank; Marco Antônio Raupp will become Brazil's new minister of science, technology, and innovation; and NASA's twin moon orbiters were officially christened Ebb and Flow.

  • This Week's Section

    Science 27 January 2012: 384-385.[DOI:10.1126/science.335.6067.384-a]

  • Random Sample

    Science 27 January 2012: 385-386.[DOI:10.1126/science.335.6067.385-a]

    Peerage of Science, an online social network founded by three Finnish ecologists, aims to provide journals with already-peer-reviewed manuscripts. And this week's numbers quantify NIH grant success rates and the number of bats that have died from white nose syndrome.

  • Newsmakers

    Science 27 January 2012: 385-386.[DOI:10.1126/science.335.6067.385-b]

    This week's Newsmakers are Terence Tao of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), and Jean Bourgain of the Institute for Advanced Study, winners of the Crafoord Prize in mathematics; Reinhard Genzel of the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics and Andrea Ghez of UCLA, who will claim the prize for astronomy; and Cristián Samper, who in August will become the president and CEO of the Wildlife Conservation Society.

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News & Analysis

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  • H5N1

    Flu Controversy Spurs Research Moratorium

    • David Malakoff
    Science 27 January 2012: 387-389.[DOI:10.1126/science.335.6067.387]

    Amid a growing global controversy over the potential dangers of experiments involving the H5N1 avian influenza virus, a group of leading influenza researchers last week agreed to a 60-day moratorium on some sensitive flu studies.

  • H5N1

    Ron Fouchier: In the Eye of the Storm

    • Martin Enserink
    Science 27 January 2012: 388-389.[DOI:10.1126/science.335.6067.388]

    Science talked to Ron Fouchier of Erasmus MC in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, who carried out one of the two controversial H5N1 avian influenza studies that triggered the international debate.

  • China

    An Explosive Return of the 'Great Pox'

    • Mara Hvistendahl
    Science 27 January 2012: 390.[DOI:10.1126/science.335.6067.390]

    As a result of widespread migration, rising inequality, and evolving sexual mores, China now holds the dubious title of the nation with the largest increase in reported syphilis cases in the penicillin era.

  • Astronomy

    Worldwide Telescope Aims to Look Into Milky Way Galaxy's Black Heart

    • Daniel Clery
    Science 27 January 2012: 391.[DOI:10.1126/science.335.6067.391]

    Last week, astronomers gathered to work out a plan to combine data from radio telescopes worldwide and create, in effect, a dish the size of Earth that will be able to peer into our galaxy's heart.

  • Nuclear Physics

    DOE Funding Crunch Threatens Future of Only U.S. Collider Still Running

    • Adrian Cho
    Science 27 January 2012: 392-393.[DOI:10.1126/science.335.6067.392]

    A $500 million upgrade planned for early next decade would enable the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider to answer a key puzzle about the proton itself—if RHIC doesn't fall victim to budget cuts.

News Focus

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  • Computer Science

    What It'll Take to Go Exascale

    • Robert F. Service
    Science 27 January 2012: 394-396.[DOI:10.1126/science.335.6067.394]

    Scientists hope the next generation of supercomputers will carry out a million trillion operations per second. But first they must change the way the machines are built and run.

  • Geoscience

    Ferreting Out the Hidden Cracks in the Heart of a Continent

    • Naomi Lubick
    Science 27 January 2012: 397.[DOI:10.1126/science.335.6067.397]

    Deep beneath the central United States, researchers find signs of buried faults that have triggered earthquakes in the past—and may still be kicking.

  • Behavioral Sciences

    Modernizing an Academic Monastery

    • Greg Miller
    Science 27 January 2012: 398-399.[DOI:10.1126/science.335.6067.398]

    The venerable Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences has been trying to reinvent itself by applying behavioral science to 21st century problems.

Letters

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  • Pause on Avian Flu Transmission Research

    • Ron A. M. Fouchier,
    • Adolfo García-Sastre,
    • Yoshihiro Kawaoka,
    • Wendy S. Barclay,
    • Nicole M. Bouvier,
    • Ian H. Brown,
    • Ilaria Capua,
    • Hualan Chen,
    • Richard W. Compans,
    • Robert B. Couch,
    • Nancy J. Cox,
    • Peter C. Doherty,
    • Ruben O. Donis,
    • Heinz Feldmann,
    • Yi Guan,
    • Jaqueline Katz,
    • H. D. Klenk,
    • Gary Kobinger,
    • Jinhua Liu,
    • Xiufan Liu,
    • Anice Lowen,
    • Thomas C. Mettenleiter,
    • Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus,
    • Peter Palese,
    • J. S. Malik Peiris,
    • Daniel R. Perez,
    • Jürgen A. Richt,
    • Stacey Schultz-Cherry,
    • John Steel,
    • Kanta Subbarao,
    • David E. Swayne,
    • Toru Takimoto,
    • Masato Tashiro,
    • Jeffery K. Taubenberger,
    • Paul G. Thomas,
    • Ralph A. Tripp,
    • Terrence M. Tumpey,
    • Richard J. Webby,
    • and Robert G. Webster
    Science 27 January 2012: 400-401.[DOI:10.1126/science.335.6067.400]

  • Corrections and Clarifications

    Science 27 January 2012: 401.[DOI:10.1126/science.335.6067.401-a]

  • Recognizing Existing Models

    • William Joseph Rosenberg
    Science 27 January 2012: 401.[DOI:10.1126/science.335.6067.401-d]

  • Portugal's Age of Enlightenment

    • Nuno C. Santos
    Science 27 January 2012: 401-402.[DOI:10.1126/science.335.6067.401-e]

Books et al.

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  • Ecocide or Utopia on Easter Island?

    • Robin Torrence
    Science 27 January 2012: 403-404.[DOI:10.1126/science.1216863]

    Drawing on their own primary research, Hunt and Lipo argue that Easter Island's population did not collapse from human exploitation of the environment.

  • The Pursuit of Love

    • Beth Ann Malow
    Science 27 January 2012: 404.[DOI:10.1126/science.1217237]

    Combining historical and ethnographic perspectives, Silverman explores the various ways in which researchers, practitioners, and activists have interpreted and responded to autism.

  • Books Received

    Science 27 January 2012: 404.[DOI:10.1126/science.335.6067.404-b]

    A listing of books received at Science during the week ending 20 January 2012.

Essays on Science and Society

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  • IBI* Series Winner

    An Inquiry-Based Curriculum for Nonmajors

    • David P. Jackson,
    • Priscilla W. Laws,
    • and Scott V. Franklin
    Science 27 January 2012: 418-419.[DOI:10.1126/science.1213444]

    Light, Sight, and Rainbows, the IBI prize-winning module, provides questions for exploring simple atmospheric phenomena.

Policy Forum

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  • Global Food Supply

    Mixed Messages on Prices and Food Security

    • Johan Swinnen and
    • Pasquamaria Squicciarini
    Science 27 January 2012: 405-406.[DOI:10.1126/science.1210806]

    We need a more nuanced debate on how prices and policies affect food security; neither high nor low prices are panaceas.

Perspectives

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  • Immunology

    Antigen Feast or Famine

    • Michael L. Dustin and
    • Michael Meyer-Hermann
    Science 27 January 2012: 408-409.[DOI:10.1126/science.1218165]

    The asymmetric distribution of antigen during B cell division affects the fate of B cells and their function.

  • Physiology

    A Clearer View from Fuzzy Images

    • Marie E. Herberstein and
    • Darrel J. Kemp
    Science 27 January 2012: 409-410.[DOI:10.1126/science.1216887]

    Jumping spiders use defocus as a gauge of depth perception to locate prey.

  • Evolution

    The Role of Coevolution

    • John N. Thompson
    Science 27 January 2012: 410-411.[DOI:10.1126/science.1217807]

    Coevolution of a virus and a bacterium leads to the emergence of a key adaptive innovation.

  • Cell Biology

    The Risk of Prion Zoonoses

    • John Collinge
    Science 27 January 2012: 411-413.[DOI:10.1126/science.1218167]

    Transmission of prions between species through both lymphoid and neural tissues has implications for public health and risk management.

  • Materials Science

    Creating New Types of Carbon-Based Membranes

    • Donald R. Paul
    Science 27 January 2012: 413-414.[DOI:10.1126/science.1216923]

    Graphene oxide membranes can show unusually high water permeability, and diamond-like carbon membranes exhibited ultrafast permeation of organic solvents.

  • Neuroscience

    Another Remembered Present

    • Kaspar Meyer
    Science 27 January 2012: 415-416.[DOI:10.1126/science.1214652]

    Could conscious perception reflect a memory process?

  • Structural Biology

    The Inner Workings of a Dynamic Duo

    • Hanne Poulsen and
    • Poul Nissen
    Science 27 January 2012: 416-417.[DOI:10.1126/science.1217679]

    Structures of two–pore domain potassium channels reveal key differences from the more widely found tetrameric channels.

Association Affairs

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Review

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  • The Centrosome in Cells and Organisms

    • Michel Bornens
    Science 27 January 2012: 422-426.[DOI:10.1126/science.1209037]

Brevia

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  • Broadband Light Bending with Plasmonic Nanoantennas

    • Xingjie Ni,
    • Naresh K. Emani,
    • Alexander V. Kildishev,
    • Alexandra Boltasseva,
    • and Vladimir M. Shalaev
    Science 27 January 2012: 427.Published online 22 December 2011 [DOI:10.1126/science.1214686]

    A plasmonic antenna array is used to control the propagation of a light beam across an interface.

Research Articles

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  • Repeatability and Contingency in the Evolution of a Key Innovation in Phage Lambda

    • Justin R. Meyer,
    • Devin T. Dobias,
    • Joshua S. Weitz,
    • Jeffrey E. Barrick,
    • Ryan T. Quick,
    • and Richard E. Lenski
    Science 27 January 2012: 428-432.[DOI:10.1126/science.1214449]

    A receptor shift required four mutations that accumulated by natural selection and with the host’s coevolution.

  • Crystal Structure of the Human Two–Pore Domain Potassium Channel K2P1

    • Alexandria N. Miller and
    • Stephen B. Long
    Science 27 January 2012: 432-436.[DOI:10.1126/science.1213274]

    Structural features provide a basis for understanding gating and ion conduction of these channels.

  • Crystal Structure of the Human K2P TRAAK, a Lipid- and Mechano-Sensitive K+ Ion Channel

    • Stephen G. Brohawn,
    • Josefina del Mármol,
    • and Roderick MacKinnon
    Science 27 January 2012: 436-441.[DOI:10.1126/science.1213808]

    Structural features provide a basis for understanding gating and ion conduction of these channels.

Reports

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  • Unimpeded Permeation of Water Through Helium-Leak–Tight Graphene-Based Membranes

    • R. R. Nair,
    • H. A. Wu,
    • P. N. Jayaram,
    • I. V. Grigorieva,
    • and A. K. Geim
    Science 27 January 2012: 442-444.[DOI:10.1126/science.1211694]

    Graphite oxide membranes are impermeable to many liquids, vapors, and gases, including He, but allow evaporation of water.

  • Ultrafast Viscous Permeation of Organic Solvents Through Diamond-Like Carbon Nanosheets

    • Santanu Karan,
    • Sadaki Samitsu,
    • Xinsheng Peng,
    • Keiji Kurashima,
    • and Izumi Ichinose
    Science 27 January 2012: 444-447.[DOI:10.1126/science.1212101]

    Membranes made from diamond-like carbon are used to rapidly separate organic compounds.

  • An All-Silicon Passive Optical Diode

    • Li Fan,
    • Jian Wang,
    • Leo T. Varghese,
    • Hao Shen,
    • Ben Niu,
    • Yi Xuan,
    • Andrew M. Weiner,
    • and Minghao Qi
    Science 27 January 2012: 447-450.Published online 22 December 2011 [DOI:10.1126/science.1214383]

    A silicon-based device is developed that allows the asymmetric propagation of light.

  • Reversible Reduction of Oxygen to Peroxide Facilitated by Molecular Recognition

    • Nazario Lopez,
    • Daniel J. Graham,
    • Robert McGuire Jr.,
    • Glen E. Alliger,
    • Yang Shao-Horn,
    • Christopher C. Cummins,
    • and Daniel G. Nocera
    Science 27 January 2012: 450-453.[DOI:10.1126/science.1212678]

    The highly reactive peroxide dianion (O22–) can be captured and stabilized by hydrogen bonding in a molecular box.

  • A Long-Lived Lunar Core Dynamo

    • Erin K. Shea,
    • Benjamin P. Weiss,
    • William S. Cassata,
    • David L. Shuster,
    • Sonia M. Tikoo,
    • Jérôme Gattacceca,
    • Timothy L. Grove,
    • and Michael D. Fuller
    Science 27 January 2012: 453-456.[DOI:10.1126/science.1215359]

    Analysis of a lunar basalt sample suggests that a lunar core dynamo existed between 4.2 and 3.7 billion years ago.

  • The Molecular Diversity of Adaptive Convergence

    • Olivier Tenaillon,
    • Alejandra Rodríguez-Verdugo,
    • Rebecca L. Gaut,
    • Pamela McDonald,
    • Albert F. Bennett,
    • Anthony D. Long,
    • and Brandon S. Gaut
    Science 27 January 2012: 457-461.[DOI:10.1126/science.1212986]

    Replicate Escherichia coli lines show multiple convergent adaptations via different mutations in response to high temperature.

  • Centrosome Loss in the Evolution of Planarians

    • Juliette Azimzadeh,
    • Mei Lie Wong,
    • Diane Miller Downhour,
    • Alejandro Sánchez Alvarado,
    • and Wallace F. Marshall
    Science 27 January 2012: 461-463.Published online 5 January 2012 [DOI:10.1126/science.1214457]

    Analysis of centriole assembly in planaria gives insight into the evolution and function of the centrosome in animal cells.

  • Global Correlations in Tropical Tree Species Richness and Abundance Reject Neutrality

    • Robert E. Ricklefs and
    • Susanne S. Renner
    Science 27 January 2012: 464-467.[DOI:10.1126/science.1215182]

    Comparison of species numbers between forests shows that patterns of diversity are dominated by deterministic processes.

  • Heavy Livestock Grazing Promotes Locust Outbreaks by Lowering Plant Nitrogen Content

    • Arianne J. Cease,
    • James J. Elser,
    • Colleen F. Ford,
    • Shuguang Hao,
    • Le Kang,
    • and Jon F. Harrison
    Science 27 January 2012: 467-469.[DOI:10.1126/science.1214433]

    High-protein plants inhibit locust swarming, which explains why grazed systems are more prone to outbreaks.

  • Depth Perception from Image Defocus in a Jumping Spider

    • Takashi Nagata,
    • Mitsumasa Koyanagi,
    • Hisao Tsukamoto,
    • Shinjiro Saeki,
    • Kunio Isono,
    • Yoshinori Shichida,
    • Fumio Tokunaga,
    • Michiyo Kinoshita,
    • Kentaro Arikawa,
    • and Akihisa Terakita
    Science 27 January 2012: 469-471.[DOI:10.1126/science.1211667]

    To jump exact distances to capture prey, spiders, like computers, use defocus as a major cue for depth perception.

  • Facilitated Cross-Species Transmission of Prions in Extraneural Tissue

    • Vincent Béringue,
    • Laëtitia Herzog,
    • Emilie Jaumain,
    • Fabienne Reine,
    • Pierre Sibille,
    • Annick Le Dur,
    • Jean-Luc Vilotte,
    • and Hubert Laude
    Science 27 January 2012: 472-475.[DOI:10.1126/science.1215659]

    Lymphoid tissue is more permissive than the brain to foreign prions.

  • Asymmetric Segregation of Polarized Antigen on B Cell Division Shapes Presentation Capacity

    • Olivier Thaunat,
    • Aitor G. Granja,
    • Patricia Barral,
    • Andrew Filby,
    • Beatriz Montaner,
    • Lucy Collinson,
    • Nuria Martinez-Martin,
    • Naomi E. Harwood,
    • Andreas Bruckbauer,
    • and Facundo D. Batista
    Science 27 January 2012: 475-479.[DOI:10.1126/science.1214100]

    Antigen distribution across activated B cells influences B-T lymphocyte interactions.

Technical Comments

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  • Comment on “Dynamics of Dpp Signaling and Proliferation Control”

    • Gerald Schwank,
    • Schu-Fee Yang,
    • Simon Restrepo,
    • and Konrad Basler
    Science 27 January 2012: 401.[DOI:10.1126/science.1210997]

  • Response to Comment on “Dynamics of Dpp Signaling and Proliferation Control”

    • Ortrud Wartlick,
    • Peer Mumcu,
    • Frank Jülicher,
    • and Marcos Gonzalez-Gaitan
    Science 27 January 2012: 401.[DOI:10.1126/science.1211373]
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