Dear Colleagues, Some expressed that I share what I found from the helpful network. And indeed it was helpful, and I am particularly thankful to the large proportion of students who answered my plea. I went straight to using AFLPdat, this runs in R, but don't be afraid the AFLPdat user-manual was very helpful and it allowed conversions into many of the currently used population genetic programs...however the link is no longer correct and after a little help from Google the following link is where the program can be found: http://www.nhm.uio.no/forskning-samlinger/forskning/forskningsgrupper/ncb/ 2 other conversion programs were recommended, but I did not try these. The easiest way for me was using FAMD (http://www.famd.me.uk/famd.html) which uses a very simple input file and gives you Structure and Arlequin outputs. a very convenient data converter you might want to give a try. http://www.cmpg.unibe.ch/software/PGDSpider/ HOWEVER, one of the biggest hurdles is getting the data (once scored in GeneMapper, or GeneMarker) into EXCEL and back out again in a useful format (ie format for AFLPdat). If anyone knows a way of extending the number of Columns in EXCEL to more than 256 this would help tremendously, as my datasets were 1440 and 1808...which means 4 blocks of data (not very useful) or having individuals as columns (if that is under 256!)...what I had to do is use the macros in EXCEL to save a text file, this was a very useful function but I have a 'macro-expert' here. Anyway, thanks again and hope this is useful to someone. Best wishes, Mark. Dr. Mark I. Stevens South Australian Museum North Terrace, Adelaide SA 5000 GPO Box 234 [courier address: Natural Science Centre, Morgan Thomas Lane (off Kintore Ave)] Phone: +61-8-82077685 Mob: 0466672727 Fax: +61-8-82077222 Email: Stevens.Mark@saugov.sa.gov.au http://www.samuseum.sa.gov.au and Honorary Academic Associate School of Biological Sciences Flinders University of South Australia Adelaide, SA 5001 Australia http://www.scieng.flinders.edu.au/biology/people/academic/stevens_m/ Stevens.Mark@saugov.sa.gov.au