Dear evoldir members, i recently asked for suggestions on how to use the M_P_val.exe software for calculating the Garza & Williamson M-Ratio for population bottleneck. Here is a summary of the many replies i got: - this software runs under Mac OS 9 or any classic compatible machine. (not the new intel processors!) - the file format is described by the authors under this link: http://137.110.142.7/uploadedFiles/Divisions/FED/Staff_Pages/Carlos_Garza/ratioin.txt (i followed the example above and used Genealex to get the information to put together the input file. i used a .dat file extension as suggested by some.) - i had my input file in the same folder as the M_P_val.exe file and the software ran smoothly! Thanks to all those that helped out. I hope this will be helpful to others! cheers philippe -- Philippe Henry PhD Student Ecological & Conservation Genomics Laboratory (ECGL) Centre for Species at Risk and Habitat Studies (SARAHS) Unit of Biology and Physical Geography Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences University of British Columbia Okanagan 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, Canada, V1V 1V7 http://people.ok.ubc.ca/mirussel/phenry/phenry.html phenry@interchange.ubc.ca