Dear Evoldir members Here is the collection of answers I got for the Plant range dynamics question I made to Evoldir. Thank you for all of you that anwser. Best regards Filipe Alberto Dear Evoldir members I would like to ask for relevant references with evidence that show plant range dynamics on mountains in relation to climate oscillations (during glaciations). I am interested on vertical (altitude) range contractions and expansions caused by Pleistocene glaciations. Thank you Filipe Alberto, PhD CCMAR-CIMAR University of Algarve campus de Gambelas 8005-139 Faro, Portugal http://www.ualg.pt/ccmar/maree/ Filipe Alberto <falberto@ualg.pt> Dear Filipe, some of the best work is of J R Flenley 1998 Climate Change 39:177 - other references in this pdf of mine. (Hewitt Nature 2000, Hewitt Fiz 2004, ) Sincerely Godfrey refs: Flenley JR (1998) Tropical forests under the climates of the last 30,000 years. Climatic Change 39, 177-197. Hewitt G (2000) The genetic legacy of the Quaternary ice ages. Nature 405, 907-913. Hewitt GM (2004) Genetic consequences of climatic oscillations in the Quaternary. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences 359, 183-195. Hewitt GM (1996) Some genetic consequences of ice ages, and their role in divergence and speciation. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 58, 247-276. Godfrey M Hewitt PhD DSc FRES FLS Professor Emeritus Biological Sciences, UEA Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK tel +44 1603 592182 work tel +44 1603 458142 home fax +44 1603 592250 work email g.hewitt@uea.ac.uk <mailto:g.hewitt@uea.ac.uk> Hi, please find attached a couple of papers on the topic. Figure 2 of the Davis & Shaw paper comes probably closest to what you are looking for, whereas the other two may help you with finding further references. Cheers, Arndt refs: Walther GR, Beissner S, Burga CA (2005) Trends in the upward shift of alpine plants. Journal of Vegetation Science 16, 541-548. Davis MB, Shaw RG (2001) Range shifts and adaptive responses to Quaternary climate change. Science 292, 673-679. Dr. Arndt Hampe Postdoctoral fellow Equipe de G�n�tique UMR Biodiversit�, G�nes & Communaut�s (INRA) 69 Route d'Arcachon F-33612 Cestas Cedex France Tel. +33 (0)5 57122837 Sec. +33 (0)5 57122843 Fax. +33 (0)5 57122881 arndt@pierroton.inra.fr http://www.pierroton.inra.fr/biogeco/genetique/personnel/Hampe/Hampe- en.html Dear Filipe, See papers by Connie Millar and colleagues. I emailed you some references. If the papers don't address range dynamics, I know that she has data on that issue for Sierra Nevada conifers of California. Ellen Simms refs: Notes: response to your evoldir query ====== FN ISI Export Format VR 1.0 PT J AU Millar, CI King, JC Westfall, RD Alden, HA Delany, DL AF Millar, Constance I. King, John C. Westfall, Robert D. Alden, Harry A. Delany, Diane L. TI Late Holocene forest dynamics, volcanism, and climate change at Whitewing Mountain and San Joaquin Ridge, Mono County, Sierra Nevada, CA, USA SO QUATERNARY RESEARCH AB Deadwood tree stems scattered above treeline on tephra-covered slopes of Whitewing Mtn (3051 in) and San Joaquin Ridge (3122 in) show evidence of being killed in an eruption from adjacent Glass Creek Vent, Inyo Craters. Using tree-ring methods, we dated deadwood to AD 8151350 and infer from death dates that the eruption occurred in late summer AD 1350. Based on wood anatomy, we identified deadwood species as Pinus albicaulis, R monticola, P lambertiana, R contorta, R jeffreyi, and Tsuga mertensiana. Only P albicaulis grows at these elevations currently; P lambertiana is not locally native. Using contemporary distributions of the species, we modeled paleoclimate during the time of sympatry to be significantly warmer (+3.2 degrees C annual minimum temperature) and slightly drier (-24 mm annual precipitation) than present, resembling values projected for California in the next 70-100 yr. (c) 2006 University of Washington. All fights reserved. SN 0033-5894 PD SEP PY 2006 VL 66 IS 2 BP 273 EP 287 UT ISI:000241874000007 ER PT J AU Millar, CI Westfall, RD Delany, DL King, JC Graumlich, LJ TI Response of subalpine conifers in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA, to 20th-century warming and decadal climate variability SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH AB Four independent studies of conifer growth between 1880 and 2002 in upper elevation forests of the central Sierra Nevada, California, U.S.A., showed correlated multidecadal and century-long responses associated with climate. Using tree-ring and ecological plot analysis, we studied annual branch growth of krummholz Pinus albicaulis; invasion by P. albicaulis and Pinus monticola into formerly persistent snowfields; dates of vertical branch emergence in krummholz P. albicaulis; and invasion by Pinus contorta into subalpine meadows. Mean annual branch growth at six treeline sites increased significantly over the 20th century (range 130-400%), with significant accelerations in rate from 1920 to 1945 and after 1980. Growth stabilized from 1945 to 1980. Similarly, invasion of six snowfield slopes began in the early 1900s and continued into snowfield centers throughout the 20th century, with significantly accelerated mean invasion from 1925 to 1940 and after 1980. Rate of snowfield invasion decreased between 1950 and 1975. Meadow invasion and vertical leader emergence showed synchronous, episodic responses. Pinus contorta invaded each of ten subalpine meadows in a distinct multidecadal pulse between 1945 and 1976 (87% of all trees) and vertical release in five krummholz P. albicaulis sites also occurred in one pulse between 1945 and 1976 (86% of all branches). These synchronies and lack of effect of local environments implicate regional climate control. Composite weather records indicated significant century-long increases in minimum monthly temperature and multidecadal variability in minimum temperature and precipitation. All ecological responses were significantly correlated with minimum temperature. Significant interactions among temperature, precipitation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) indices, and multiyear variability in moisture availability further explained episodic ecological responses. Four multidecadal periods of the 20th century that are defined by ecological response (< 1925; 1925-1944; 1945-1976; > 1976) correlate with positive and negative PDO phases, as well as with steps in the rate of temperature increase. These diverse factors in spatially distributed upper-montane and treeline ecosystems respond directionally to century-long climate trends, and also exhibit abrupt and reversible effects as a consequence of interdecadal climate variability and complex interactions of temperature and moisture. SN 1523-0430 PD MAY PY 2004 VL 36 IS 2 BP 181 EP 200 UT ISI:000225548300006 ER PT J AU Jackson, ST Overpeck, JT TI Responses of plant populations and communities to environmental changes of the late Quaternary SO PALEOBIOLOGY AB The environmental and biotic history of the late Quaternary represents a critical junction between ecology, global change studies, and pre-Quaternary paleobiology. Late Quaternary records indicate the modes and mechanisms of environmental variation and biotic responses at timescales of 10(1)-10(4) years. Climatic changes of the late Quaternary have occurred continuously across a wide range of temporal scales, with the magnitude of change generally increasing with time span. Responses of terrestrial plant populations have ranged from tolerance in situ to moderate shifts in habitat to migration and/or extinction, depending on magnitudes and rates of environmental change. Species assemblages have been disaggregated and recombined, forming a changing array of vegetation patterns on the landscape. These patterns of change are characteristic of terrestrial plants and animals but may not be representative of all other life-forms or habitats. Complexity of response, particularly extent of species recombination, depends in part on the nature of the underlying environmental gradients and how they change through time. Environmental gradients in certain habitats may change in relatively simple fashion, allowing long-term persistence of species associations and spatial patterns. Consideration of late Quaternary climatic changes indicates that both the rate and magnitude of climatic changes anticipated for the coming century are unprecedented, presenting unique challenges to the biota of the planet. SN 0094-8373 PY 2000 VL 26 IS 4 SU Suppl. S BP 194 EP 220 UT ISI:000166543500009 ER Dear Filipe, In my work on the genetics of lizards in Baja California, Mexico, I've had to look into climatic effects on species ranges resulting from Pleistocene glaciation cycles and wrote a paper in J Biogeography on vicariance vs climate (it is probably of limited interest to you, but I've attached it). Although it is not quite my topic, I suggest you check out papers by Thomas R. van Devender (and colleagues Julio Betancourt and Paul Martin). He's done lots of interesting work looking at microfossils in packrat middens. These rats collect plant material which gets stuck in their urine as it crystallizes in the nest. There is evidence for altitudinal range changes based on data from packrat middens, at least covering the later stages of Pleistocene. There is a reference in my pdf to Van Devender. That book might be of interest to you. Otherwise, check out his homepage at http://www.desertmuseum.org/center/scidept_cv_vandevender.php Good luck! Johan -- Johan Lindell, M.Sc. Ph.D. candidate Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Address of correspondence: Department of Natural History (Herpetology) Royal Ontario Museum 100 Queen's Park Toronto, ON, M5S 2C6 Canada Office: +1-416-586-8094 Fax: +1-416-586-5553 E-mail: johan.lindell@utoronto.ca Web: http://www.zoo.utoronto.ca/lindell EF Filipe Alberto <falberto@ualg.pt>