Volume 634 Issue 8033, 10 October 2024

The geography of science is changing. As a result, a big push is needed to broaden the pool of scientists eligible to nominate their peers for Nobel prizes.

Governments should encourage researchers to stay and boost the economies of their home countries rather than working overseas.

Algorithm homes in on wetlands and industrial sites linked to high emissions of the powerful greenhouse gas.

Turtle hatchlings, which can begin life up to a metre deep in sand, point their heads towards the surface and make their way out onto the beach.

Therapeutic T cells used to treat acute myeloid leukaemia secrete proteins that impair the cells’ own ability to attack cancer.

The parts of a 3D-printed device can be changed out, allowing for versatility as well as ultrahigh resolution.

Patient is the first person with type 1 diabetes to receive this kind of transplant.

As Microsoft strikes a deal to restart a reactor at the notorious power station, Nature talks to nuclear specialists about the unprecedented process.

A lack of funding and academic freedom amid a political crackdown leave scientists feeling hopeless and pondering an exodus from the country.

The chatbot excels at science, beating PhD scholars on a hard science test. But it might ‘hallucinate’ more than its predecessors.

The medication is the first in decades to have a different mode of action from those of current drugs, achieving better symptom relief with fewer side effects.

PhD students in Sweden accessed mental-health services at increasing rates as their studies went on.

There are no approved treatments for the Ebola-like haemorrhagic fever, which is spreading in Rwanda.

Proportional representation or winner takes all? Here’s how researchers compare the merits of contrasting voting methods.

A surging market for ‘fish maw’ is pushing threatened species to the brink. Researchers are trying to limit the damage.

From quitting smoking to dealing with anthrax, a fascinating memoir looks behind the scenes at presidential health care.

A compelling book uncovers little-known aspects of the iconic chemist’s life, and the pioneering — if troubled — careers of the women who worked with her.

The advent of LLMs has reopened a debate about the limits of machine intelligence — and requires new benchmarks of what reasoning consists of.

Private-investor approaches for measuring the emissions associated with lending to governments risk creating perverse incentives.

Scientists, tech entrepreneurs and educators on both sides of the border describe the devastation of lost homes, destroyed laboratories and slain colleagues.

Working as an oenologist brings to life an important aspect of my country’s cultural identity.

Considerable uncertainties surround whether and how Earth could bounce back from a transgression of the temperature limits agreed in Paris. An analysis of overconfidence in models suggests that it might be safer to avoid such a path.

Lynx numbers ebb and flow as these predators hunt hares across Alaska, but analysis suggests that this population wave is mediated by survival rather than by how lynx disperse.

Can cycles of dieting increase your risk of heart attack? In mice, an alternating high-fat and low-fat diet promotes plaque build-up in arteries by modulating the body’s innate immune responses.

The jury has been out on whether global warming will increase the erosion of riverbanks in the Arctic — with consequences for human infrastructure and the environment. A detailed analysis of an Alaskan river suggests that it will.

Dinosaur bones found on the shores of an African Great Lake, and unintentional explosions get London’s birds into a flap, in our weekly dip into Nature’s archive.

Mammals feed using a jaw hinge formed by dentary and squamosal bones. Fossil evidence reveals that this type of joint evolved independently in an extinct species of mammalian relatives called cynodonts.

Implementation of new pricing and business structures and improved licensing and manufacturing processes could reduce the per-patient cost of gene therapy tenfold.

A family of multi-qubit Rydberg quantum gates is developed and used to generate Schrödinger cat states in an optical clock, allowing improvement in frequency measurement precision by taking advantage of entanglement.

We demonstrate high-fidelity entangling gates, universal quantum operations, and ancilla-based read-out for ultranarrow optical transitions of neutral atoms in a tweezer clock platform.

By implementing random circuit sampling, experimental and theoretical results establish the existence of transitions to a stable, computationally complex phase that is reachable with current quantum processors.

A new approach is described for fabricating devices on each of the faces of the same gallium nitride semiconductor wafer, using the cation face for photonic devices and the anion face for electronic devices.

Flex-RV, a 32-bit microprocessor based on an open RISC-V instruction set fabricated with indium gallium zinc oxide thin-film transistors on a flexible polyimide substrate, enables an ultralow-cost bendable and flexible microprocessor.

The one-electron oxidation of a hydrocarbon with an elongated C–C single bond provides direct evidence for a one-electron σ-bond between carbon atoms.

Effective dehydrogenation of amino acids and short peptides using cobalt and photocatalysis is used to make a range of unnatural products of value in chemistry and biology.

Analysis of the sub-seasonal patterns of river migration reveals that permafrost reduces erosion rates and suggests that full permafrost thaw may lead to a 30–100% increase in the migration rates of Arctic rivers.

Aiming for declining global temperatures can limit long-term climate risks compared with a mere stabilization of global warming, including sea-level rise and cryosphere changes.

A combination of palaeoclimate proxies and simulations shows that a common mechanism controls El Niño variation in cold and warm states, which supports expectations of more extreme El Niño occurrence in the future.

The dentary–squamosal contact, traditionally considered to be a typical mammalian feature, evolved more than once and is more evolutionary labile than previously considered.

Natural environmental and ecological shifts impose sufficiently strong selection to drive exceptionally rapid, parallel and fluctuating adaptive tracking in a Drosophila melangaster mesocosm.

Using a tracking microscope for freely moving animals, the authors discover a population of place cells in the zebrafish brain and demonstrate that a non-amniote brain is capable of integrating allothetic and idiothetic information to create a neural map of space.

Paracrine κ-opioid signalling among cells surrounding the spinal cord central canal modulates scar formation after injury.

Single-cell analysis of the transcriptome, chromatin accessibility and methylome of adult neural stem cells and astrocytes demonstrates that stemness is driven by methylation profiles distinct from those of astrocytes.

Structural and functional studies reveal how viral proteins trigger the phage antirestriction induced system (PARIS) to degrade host tRNA and how viral tRNAs suppress the PARIS nuclease and thereby overcome this phage defense system.

The bacterial phage anti-restriction-induced system, PARIS, operates as a toxin–antitoxin system, in which the antitoxin AriA sequesters and inactivates the toxin AriB until triggered by the T7 phage counterdefence protein Ocr.

A γδ T cell–IL-3 signalling axis is defined that controls the allergen responsiveness of cutaneous sensory neurons, leading to evidence for an immune rheostat that governs sensory neuronal responses to allergens on first exposure.

Re-exposure to a high-fat diet in mice led to emergency myelopoiesis and increased neutrophils in the blood, which infiltrated plaques and released neutrophil extracellular traps, exacerbating atherosclerosis.

Early intermittent feeding of mice with a high-cholesterol Western-type diet accelerates atherosclerosis compared with late continuous exposure to the Western-type diet, despite similar cumulative circulating LDL-C levels.

PathChat, a multimodal generative AI copilot for human pathology, has been trained on a large dataset of visual-language instructions to interactively assist users with diverse pathology tasks.

Experiments in mouse models and histology of human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas show that TIMP1-mediated periosteal thickening in proximity to tumours acts as a barrier to cancer invasion of the bone.

Using highly purified protein factors, we provide evidence that BRCA1–BARD1 physically interacts with EXO1, BLM and WRN and upregulates the activity of all three resection pathways.

BRCA1–BARD1 directly promotes double-strand break repair by stimulating long-range DNA end resection pathways.