Plastids are pivotal target organelles for comprehensively enhancing photosynthetic and metabolic traits in plants via plastid engineering. Plastid proteins are predominantly encoded by the nuclear genome, are made in the cytosol, and must traverse membrane-bound multiprotein translocons to access these organelles. This import process is meticulously regulated by chloroplast-targeting peptides (cTPs). Thagun et al. performed a comprehensive exploration and comparative assessment of an advanced suite of cTPs exhibiting superior targeting capabilities. They employed a multifaceted approach to identify and analyze 88 cTPs associated with Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with phenotypes linked to chloroplast function. A highly efficient cTP derived from Arabidopsis plastid ribosomal protein L35 (At2g24090) displayed remarkable effectiveness in chloroplast localization. This cTP could serve as an ideal transit peptide for precisely targeting biomolecules to plastids, leading to advancements in plastid engineering. The image shows four panels, each showing tobacco leaves expressing green fluorescent protein fused to a different cTPs (green). Chloroplasts are shown by chlorophyll autofluorescence (magenta).
Image Credit: Chonprakun Thagun and Keiji Numata
Essay
A how-to guide for code sharing in biology
PLOS Biology: published September 10, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002815
Consensus View
A new lineage nomenclature to aid genomic surveillance of dengue virus
PLOS Biology: published September 16, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002834
Perspectives
Keeping time: How musical training may boost cognition
PLOS Biology: published September 5, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002810
Fixing science means an end to gaming the system
PLOS Biology: published September 9, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002816
Promoting reusable and open methods and protocols (PRO-MaP) can improve methodological reporting in the life sciences
PLOS Biology: published September 19, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002835
Primers
High temperatures increase the virulence of Vibrio bacteria towards their coral host and competing bacteria via type VI secretion systems
PLOS Biology: published September 4, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002788
Related Articles
Remember oligodendrocytes: Uncovering their overlooked role in Alzheimer’s disease
PLOS Biology: published September 12, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002798
Related Articles
Placebo effects beyond dopamine
PLOS Biology: published September 25, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002812
Related Articles
Little impact of new mutations on mammalian trait variation
PLOS Biology: published September 27, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002825
Related Articles
Research Articles
Phosphorylation of the DNA damage repair factor 53BP1 by ATM kinase controls neurodevelopmental programs in cortical brain organoids
PLOS Biology: published September 3, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002760
A dystroglycan–laminin–integrin axis coordinates cell shape remodeling in the developing Drosophila retina
PLOS Biology: published September 3, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002783
The coral pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus uses a T6SS to secrete a group of novel anti-eukaryotic effectors that contribute to virulence
PLOS Biology: published September 3, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002734
Related Articles
LXR-dependent enhancer activation regulates the temporal organization of the liver’s response to refeeding leading to lipogenic gene overshoot
PLOS Biology: published September 12, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002735
PP1 phosphatase controls both daughter cell formation and amylopectin levels in Toxoplasma gondii
PLOS Biology: published September 10, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002791
Plasmodium NEK1 coordinates MTOC organisation and kinetochore attachment during rapid mitosis in male gamete formation
PLOS Biology: published September 10, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002802
Beta-band neural variability reveals age-related dissociations in human working memory maintenance and deletion
PLOS Biology: published September 11, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002784
Alveolin proteins in the Toxoplasma inner membrane complex form a highly interconnected structure that maintains parasite shape and replication
PLOS Biology: published September 12, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002809
Functional network modules overlap and are linked to interindividual connectome differences during human brain development
PLOS Biology: published September 18, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002653
Plasmodium RON11 triggers biogenesis of the merozoite rhoptry pair and is essential for erythrocyte invasion
PLOS Biology: published September 18, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002801
Changes in DNA methylation contribute to rapid adaptation in bacterial plant pathogen evolution
PLOS Biology: published September 20, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002792
Diverse signatures of convergent evolution in cactus-associated yeasts
PLOS Biology: published September 23, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002832
The conserved protein adaptors CALM/AP180 and FCHo1/2 cooperatively recruit Eps15 to promote the initiation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in yeast
PLOS Biology: published September 24, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002833
Human brain state dynamics are highly reproducible and associated with neural and behavioral features
PLOS Biology: published September 24, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002808
A genome-wide arrayed CRISPR screen identifies PLSCR1 as an intrinsic barrier to SARS-CoV-2 entry that recent virus variants have evolved to resist
PLOS Biology: published September 24, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002767
Wnt target gene activation requires β-catenin separation into biomolecular condensates
PLOS Biology: published September 24, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002368
Polygenic scores for complex traits are associated with changes in concentration of circulating lipid species
PLOS Biology: published September 26, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002830
An estimate of fitness reduction from mutation accumulation in a mammal allows assessment of the consequences of relaxed selection
PLOS Biology: published September 26, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002795
Related Articles
Mycobacteria that cause tuberculosis have retained ancestrally acquired genes for the biosynthesis of chemically diverse terpene nucleosides
PLOS Biology: published September 30, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002813
Short Reports
A flexible loop in the paxillin LIM3 domain mediates its direct binding to integrin β subunits
PLOS Biology: published September 4, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002757
Centrosome amplification primes ovarian cancer cells for apoptosis and potentiates the response to chemotherapy
PLOS Biology: published September 5, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002759
Syllable processing is organized in discrete subregions of the human superior temporal gyrus
PLOS Biology: published September 6, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002774
The genetic basis of the kākāpō structural color polymorphism suggests balancing selection by an extinct apex predator
PLOS Biology: published September 10, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002755
Bats generate lower affinity but higher diversity antibody responses than those of mice, but pathogen-binding capacity increases if protein is restricted in their diet
PLOS Biology: published September 24, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002800
Structure of the Nmd4-Upf1 complex supports conservation of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway between yeast and humans
PLOS Biology: published September 27, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002821
Methods and Resources
Integration of estimated regional gene expression with neuroimaging and clinical phenotypes at biobank scale
PLOS Biology: published September 13, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002782
A taxon-rich and genome-scale phylogeny of Opisthokonta
PLOS Biology: published September 16, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002794
Organelle landscape analysis using a multiparametric particle-based method
PLOS Biology: published September 17, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002777
Identification of a highly efficient chloroplast-targeting peptide for plastid engineering
PLOS Biology: published September 19, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002785
SPOT: A machine learning model that predicts specific substrates for transport proteins
PLOS Biology: published September 26, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002807
Preregistered Research Article
Dopamine has no direct causal role in the formation of treatment expectations and placebo analgesia in humans
PLOS Biology: published September 24, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002772
Related Articles
Update Article
Multisensory perceptual and causal inference is largely preserved in medicated post-acute individuals with schizophrenia
PLOS Biology: published September 10, 2024 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002790