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Current Issue of PLoSBiology


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September 2025

We introduce EFMouse, an open-source toolbox to model the intracranial electric fields produced by current stimulation and generate predictions that can be tested with mice in-vivo recordings. The image shows the electric field generated by a transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) montage targeting the left visual cortex, with four skin anodes surrounding a craniotomy, and one cathode in the back. EFMouse can model cranial recording windows, placement of stimulation electrodes anywhere in or on the animal body, and introduces novel ways to report field predictions, including measures of focality, direction homogeneity and quantification based on Allen Mouse Brain Atlas regions. Sanchez-Romero et al. 2025

Image Credit: Ruben Sanchez-Romero and Bart Krekelberg

Education Articles

Ten simple rules for training by researchers for researchers in a rapidly evolving workforce

Meirian Lovelace-Tozer, John Brown, Robert Clemens, Kathryn Greenhill, Fathima Haseen, Danny Kingsley, Ellen A. Lyrtzis, Katherine Mills, Giorgia Mori, Kathryn M. Steel, Liz Stokes, Kathryn Unsworth, Adeline L. H. Wong, Amany Gouda-Vossos

Ten practical tips and tricks to improve the effectiveness of biological network alignment

Giuseppe Agapito, Mario Cannataro, Pietro Cinaglia, Marianna Milano

Catalyzing computational biology research at an academic institute through an interest network

Jaroslav Zak, Ian Newman, Daniel J. Montiel Garcia, Daniele Parisi, Janet Joy, Steven R. Head, Jean-Christophe Ducom, Padmaja Natarajan, Haissi Cui, Sabah Ul-Hasan

Ten simple rules for building and maintaining sustainable high-performance computing infrastructure for research in resource-limited settings

Ronald Galiwango, Christopher J. Whalen, Grace Kebirungi, Mugume T. Atwine, Rodgers Kimera, Alfred Ssekagiri, Timothy W. Kimbowa, Edward Lukyamuzi, Mike Nsubuga, eLwazi ODSP, Lloyd Ssentongo, Henry Mutegeki, John M. Fonner, Frank Wuerthwein, Ari Berman, Laura B. Okalebo, Meghan McCarthy, Victor S. Kramer, Mariam Quinones, Phillip Cruz, Darrell Hurt, Maria Y. Giovanni, Nicola Mulder, Michael Tartakovsky, Jonathan Kayondo, Daudi Jjingo

Ten quick tips for protecting health data using de-identification and perturbation of structured datasets

Tshikala Eddie Lulamba, Themba Mutemaringa, Nicki Tiffin

How to write a scientific paper in fifteen steps

John M. Drake, Barbara A. Han

Research Articles

Gene regulatory network structure informs the distribution of perturbation effects

Matthew Aguirre, Jeffrey P. Spence, Guy Sella, Jonathan K. Pritchard

Deep learning approach for automatic assessment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in patients using R-R intervals

Kamil Książek, Wilhelm Masarczyk, Przemysław Głomb, Michał Romaszewski, Krisztián Buza, Przemysław Sekuła, Michał Cholewa, Katarzyna Kołodziej, Piotr Gorczyca, Magdalena Piegza

Molecular dynamics study of differential effects of serotonin-2A-receptor (5-HT2AR) modulators

Jordy Peeters, Dimitri De Bundel, Kenno Vanommeslaeghe

Drug-induced liver injury prediction based on graph convolutional networks and toxicogenomics

Tong Xiao, Ying Liu, Kaimiao Hu, Kaimin Guo, Mengying Zhang, TingTing Wang, Weihua Lei, Wenjia Wang, Shuiping Zhou, Yunhui Hu, Ran Su

The detection of algebraic auditory structures emerges with self-supervised learning

Pierre Orhan, Yves Boubenec, Jean-Rémi King

Potentials and limitations in the application of Convolutional Neural Networks for mosquito species identification using wing images

Kristopher Nolte, Jan Baumbach, Christian Lins, Jens Johann Georg Lohmann, Philip Kollmannsberger, Felix Gregor Sauer, Renke Lühken

Action subsampling supports policy compression in large action spaces

Shuze Liu, Samuel Joseph Gershman

A history-dependent approach for accurate initial condition estimation in epidemic models

Dongju Lim, Kyeong Tae Ko, Hyukpyo Hong, Hyojung Lee, Boseung Choi, Won Chang, Sunhwa Choi, Jae Kyoung Kim

Understanding thromboembolus transport patterns in the brain for stroke in the presence of carotid artery stenosis

Ricardo Roopnarinesingh, Neel D. Jani, Michelle Leppert, Debanjan Mukherjee

Blood flow in the human cerebral cortex: Large-scale pial vascularization and 1D simulation

Eduardo G. Zilves, Lucas O. Müller, Gonzalo D. M. Talou, Vladimir Hachinski, J. David Spence, Pablo J. Blanco

An efficient and flexible framework for inferring global sensitivity of agent-based model parameters

Daniel R. Bergman, Trachette Jackson, Harsh Vardhan Jain, Kerri-Ann Norton

serojump: A Bayesian tool for inferring infection timing and antibody kinetics from longitudinal serological data

David Hodgson, James Hay, Sheikh Jarju, Dawda Jobe, Rhys Wenlock, Thushan I. de Silva, Adam J. Kucharski

A generalized theoretical framework to investigate multicomponent actin dynamics

Mintu Nandi, Shashank Shekhar, Sandeep Choubey

The G-OBIM tongue model: An accurate open-source biomechanical model of a male human tongue

Maxime Calka, Pierre Badin, Mohammad Ali Nazari, Michel Rochette, Pascal Perrier, Yohan Payan

Ant visual route navigation: How the fine details of behaviour promote successful route performance and convergence

Amany Azevedo Amin, Andrew Philippides, Paul Graham

Personalizing chemotherapy drug selection using a novel transcriptomic chemogram

Kristi Lin-Rahardja, Jessica Scarborough, Jacob G. Scott

Cortical networks with multiple interneuron types generate oscillatory patterns during predictive coding

Kwangjun Lee, Cyriel M. A. Pennartz, Jorge F. Mejias

Epithelial competition determines gene therapy potential to suppress Fanconi Anemia oral cancer risk

Hunter L. Colegrove, Raymond J. Monnat Jr., Alison F. Feder

In silico biophysics and rheology of blood and red blood cells in Gaucher Disease

Zhaojie Chai, Guansheng Li, Papa Alioune Ndour, Philippe Connes, Pierre A. Buffet, Melanie Franco, George Em Karniadakis

A curriculum learning approach to training antibody language models

Sarah M. Burbach, Bryan Briney

HyperACP: A cutting-edge hybrid framework for anticancer peptide classification via scalable feature extraction and adaptive neighbor-based synthesis

Bangyi Zhang, Yun Zuo, Jun Wan, Jiayue Liu, Xiangrong Liu, Xiangxiang Zeng, Zhaohong Deng

Human visual grouping based on within- and cross-area temporal correlations

Yen-Ju Chen, Zitang Sun, Shin’ya Nishida

Mathematical modeling and simulation of tumor-induced angiogenesis in retinal hemangioblastoma

Franco Pradelli, Giovanni Minervini, Pradeep Venkatesh, Shorya Azad, Hector Gomez, Silvio C. E. Tosatto

Simulation insights on the compound action potential in multifascicular nerves

Joseph James Tharayil, Ciro Zinno, Filippo Agnesi, Bryn Lloyd, Silvia Farcito, Antonino Cassara, Niels Kuster, Michael Reimann, Silvestro Micera, Esra Neufeld

Prior expectations guide multisensory integration during face-to-face communication

Giulia Mazzi, Ambra Ferrari, Maria Laura Mencaroni, Chiara Valzolgher, Mirko Tommasini, Francesco Pavani, Stefania Benetti

Sparse multitask group Lasso for genome-wide association studies

Asma Nouira, Chloé-Agathe Azencott

Variation in the geometry of concept manifolds across human visual cortex

Ghislain St-Yves, Kendrick Kay, Thomas Naselaris

Adaptive algorithms for shaping behavior

William L. Tong, Venkatesh N. Murthy, Gautam Reddy

Competition and cooperation of assembly sequences in recurrent neural networks

Tristan Manfred Stöber, Andrew B. Lehr, Arash Nikzad, Mohammad Ganjtabesh, Marianne Fyhn, Arvind Kumar

Task-relevant representational spaces in human memory traces

Rebekka Heinen, Elias M. B. Rau, Nora A. Herweg, Nikolai Axmacher

Default mode network connectivity predicts individual differences in long-term forgetting: Evidence for storage degradation, not retrieval failure

Yinan Xu, Chantel S. Prat, Florian Sense, Hedderik van Rijn, Andrea Stocco

A nonlinear relationship between prediction errors and learning rates in human reinforcement-learning

Boluwatife Ikwunne, Jolie Parham, Erdem Pulcu

THLANet: A deep learning framework for predicting TCR-pHLA binding in immunotherapy applications

Xu Long, Qiang Yang, Weihe Dong, Xiaokun Li, Kuanquan Wang, Suyu Dong, Gongning Luo, Xianyu Zhang, Tiansong Yang, Xin Gao, Guohua Wang

Effects of segmentation errors on downstream-analysis in highly-multiplexed tissue imaging

Matthias Bruhns, Jan T. Schleicher, Maximilian Wirth, Marcello Zago, Sepideh Babaei, Manfred Claassen

Clonal heterogeneity and antigenic stimulation shape persistence of the latent reservoir of HIV

Marco Garcia Noceda, Gargi Kher, Shikhar Uttam, John P. Barton

The size-weight illusion and beyond: A new model of perceived weight

Veronica Pisu, Erich W. Graf, Wendy J. Adams

Fast and exact stochastic simulations of epidemics on static and temporal networks

Samuel Cure, Florian G. Pflug, Simone Pigolotti

Personalized pulse wave propagation modeling to improve vasopressor dosing management in patients with severe traumatic brain injury

Kamil Wolos, Leszek Pstras, Urszula Bialonczyk, Malgorzata Debowska, Wojciech Dabrowski, Dorota Siwicka-Gieroba, Jan Poleszczuk

Effects of tDCS of the DLPFC on brain networks: A hybrid brain modeling study

Yanqing Dong, Jing Wei, Songjun Peng, Xinran Wu, Yaru Xu, Jianfeng Feng, Jie Zhang, Viktor Jirsa, Jie Xiang

Reconstructing noisy gene regulation dynamics using extrinsic-noise-driven neural stochastic differential equations

Jiancheng Zhang, Xiangting Li, Xiaolu Guo, Zhaoyi You, Lucas Böttcher, Alex Mogilner, Alexander Hoffmann, Tom Chou, Mingtao Xia

Ligands binding diffusively to protein target act as inhibitors of protein-protein interactions

William Jeffries, Bryan M. Delfing, Xavier E. Laracuente, Xingyu Luo, Audrey Olson, Kenneth W. Foreman, Kyung Hyeon Lee, Greg Petruncio, Vito De Benedictis, Mikell Paige, Kylene Kehn-Hall, Christopher Lockhart, Dmitri K. Klimov

Opportunities for machine learning to predict cross-neutralization in FMDV serotype O

Dennis N. Makau, Jonathan Arzt, Kimberly VanderWaal

Estimating the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 transmission in the Netherlands

Jantien A. Backer, Don Klinkenberg, Fuminari Miura, Jacco Wallinga

Optimizing crop varietal mixtures for viral disease management: A case study on cassava virus epidemics

Israël Tankam Chedjou, Ruairí Donnelly, Christopher A. Gilligan

Brainwide hemodynamics predict EEG neural rhythms across sleep and wakefulness in humans

Leandro P. L. Jacob, Sydney M. Bailes, Stephanie D. Williams, Carsen Stringer, Laura D. Lewis

Mouse-Specific Single cell cytokine activity prediction and Estimation (MouSSE)

Azka Javaid, H. Robert Frost

Inheritable cell-states shape drug-persister correlations and population dynamics in cancer cells

Anton Iyer, Adrian Alva, Adrián E. Granada, Shaon Chakrabarti

Modeling neuron-astrocyte interactions in neural networks using distributed simulation

Han-Jia Jiang, Jugoslava Aćimović, Tiina Manninen, Iiro Ahokainen, Jonas Stapmanns, Mikko Lehtimäki, Markus Diesmann, Sacha J. van Albada, Hans Ekkehard Plesser, Marja-Leena Linne

VarPPUD: Pinpointing diagnostic variants from sets of prioritized, strong candidate variants

Rui Yin, Alba Gutiérrez-Sacristán, Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Shilpa Nadimpalli Kobren, Paul Avillach

Modelling the relative contribution of infection, routine vaccination and supplementary immunisation activities to measles seroconversion in Kenyan Children

Caroline Mburu, John Ojal, Rose Selim, Rose Ombati, Donald Akech, Boniface Karia, James Tuju, Antipa Sigilai, Gaby Smits, Pieter van Gageldonk, Fiona van der Klis, Eunice Kagucia, Anthony Scott, Ifedayo Adetifa, Stefan Flasche

Optimizing therapeutic outcomes with Mechanotherapy and Ultrasound Sonopermeation in solid tumors

Marina Koutsi, Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos, Fotios Mpekris

Identifying COVID-19 peaks using early warning signals

Joshua Looker, Kat S. Rock, Louise Dyson

Mechanistic within-host mathematical model of inhalational anthrax

Bevelynn Whaler, Grant Lythe, Joseph J. Gillard, Thomas R. Laws, Jonathan Carruthers, Thomas Finnie, Carmen Molina-París, Martín López-García

Elucidating reaction dynamics in a model of human brain energy metabolism

Dimitrios G. Patsatzis, Efstathios-Al. Tingas, Subram Mani Sarathy, Dimitris A. Goussis, Renaud Blaise Jolivet

How peak knee loads are affected by changing the mass of lower-limb body segments during walking

Delaney E. Miller, Ashley E. Brown, Nicholas A. Bianco, Rucha Bhise, Scott L. Delp, Steven H. Collins

A comparative computational analysis of IFN-alpha pharmacokinetics and its induced cellular response in mice and humans

Priyata Kalra, Bastian Kister, Rebekka Fendt, Mario Köster, Julia Pulverer, Sven Sahle, Lars Kuepfer, Ursula Kummer

MASCOT-Skyline integrates population and migration dynamics to enhance phylogeographic reconstructions

Nicola F. Müller, Remco R. Bouckaert, Chieh-Hsi Wu, Trevor Bedford

An explainable covariate compartmental model for predicting the spatio-temporal patterns of dengue in Sri Lanka

Yichao Liu, Peter Fransson, Julian Heidecke, Prasad Liyanage, Jonas Wallin, Joacim Rocklöv

Coupling plankton and cholera dynamics: Insights into outbreak prediction and practical disease management

Biplab Maity, Swarnendu Banerjee, Abhishek Senapati, Jon Pitchford, Joydev Chattopadhyay

Emergence of supercoiling-mediated regulatory networks through the evolution of bacterial chromosome organization

Théotime Grohens, Sam Meyer, Guillaume Beslon

Early visual signatures and benefits of intra-saccadic motion streaks

Richard Schweitzer, Thomas Seel, Jörg Raisch, Martin Rolfs

A computational framework for the investigation of phosphoinositide regulation

Hilaire Yam Fung Cheung, Chukiat Tantiwong, Dipali Kale, Jonathan M. Gibbins, Steve P. Watson, Johan W. M. Heemskerk, Albert Sickmann, Robert Ahrends, Joanne L. Dunster

Optimization of echinococcosis control measures based on system dynamics

Jinrui Ma, Xingyu Liu, Zengwen He, Haohao Zhang, Yonghui Ma, Ziqiu Fan, Xuehui Zhao, Ji Zhi, Qing Cao, Huiwen Xue, Huitian Gou

Methods

Transcriptome-wide root causal inference

Eric V. Strobl, Eric R. Gamazon

Generating correlated data for omics simulation

Jianing Yang, Gregory R. Grant, Thomas G. Brooks

A causal framework for the drivers of animal social network structure

Ben Kawam, Julia Ostner, Richard McElreath, Oliver Schülke, Daniel Redhead

kMermaid: Ultrafast metagenomic read assignment to protein clusters by hashing of amino acid k-mer frequencies

Anastasia Lucas, Daniel E. Schäffer, Jayamanna Wickramasinghe, Noam Auslander

MRDtarget: A heuristic Gaussian approach for optimizing targeted capture regions to enhance Minimal Residual Disease detection

Xuwen Wang, Yanfang Guan, Wei Gao, Xin Lai, Wuqiang Cao, Xiaoyan Zhu, Xiaoling Zeng, Yuqian Liu, Shenjie Wang, Ruoyu Liu, Xin Yi, Shuanying Yang, Jiayin Wang

Harmony-based data integration for distributed single-cell multi-omics data

Ruizhi Yuan, Ziqi Rong, Haoran Hu, Tianhao Liu, Shiyue Tao, Wei Chen, Lu Tang

A graph neural network-based spatial multi-omics data integration method for deciphering spatial domains

Congqiang Gao, Chenghui Yang, Lihua Zhang

Software

OmnibusX: A unified platform for accessible multi-omics analysis

Linh Truong, Thao Truong, Huy Nguyen

EFMouse: A toolbox to model stimulation-induced electric fields in the mouse brain

Ruben Sanchez-Romero, Sibel Akyuz, Bart Krekelberg

NeKo: A tool for automatic network construction from prior knowledge

Marco Ruscone, Eirini Tsirvouli, Andrea Checcoli, Denes Turei, Emmanuel Barillot, Julio Saez-Rodriguez, Loredana Martignetti, Åsmund Flobak, Laurence Calzone

wavess: An R package for simulation of adaptive within-host virus sequence evolution

Narmada Sambaturu, Zena Lapp, Fernando D. K. Tria, Ethan Romero-Severson, Carmen Molina-París, Thomas Leitner

SBMLNetwork: A framework for standards-based visualization of biochemical models

Adel Heydarabadipour, Lucian Smith, Joseph L. Hellerstein, Herbert M. Sauro