The CLASPP framework combines unsupervised sequence-space stratification with supervised contrastive learning in protein language model embedding space to predict 12 PTM types from a single model. Training and experimental validation were performed in humans, while out-of-distribution testing spanned diverse model organisms across the evolutionary tree shown. The model’s utility in phosphoproteomics workflows is demonstrated through the annotation of ubiquitination sites in the understudied DCLK3 kinase. By integrating evolutionary breadth, experimental validation, and behavioral testing, CLASPP establishes a framework for rigorous benchmarking of next-generation multi-PTM prediction models (Gravel et al., 2026).
Image Credit: Nathan Gravel, licensed under CC BY 4.0
Education Articles
De novo assembly and authentication of ancient DNA metagenomes with nf-core/mag
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 12, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014591
Twelve quick tips for applying deep learning to animal sounds
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 12, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014604
Ten simple rules for effective use of generative AI for code development in environmental science
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 17, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014627
Ten quick tips for causal analysis of biomedical omics data
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 20, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014668
Eleven quick tips for Biomedical Federated Learning
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 21, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014530
Perspectives
The multi-omics fallacy in microbiome science
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 25, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014700
Model Context Protocol: The unexpected catalyst of a bioinformatics interoperability revolution
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 31, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014543
Research Articles
Successful reinforcement history suppresses explicit and implicit error corrections
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Accurate de novo transcription unit annotation from run-on and sequencing data
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Cell-specific Cahn-Hilliard models predict condensed fates of the chromosomal passenger complex
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Impact of insecticide resistance evolution on malaria vector control
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Accounting for the long-distance transmission route: An epidemiological model of airborne disease transmission in hospitals
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 3, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014564
Deep learning-supported image quantification of epithelial cell shapes and its application to polycystic kidney disease
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 3, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014614
A synthetic 3D human cerebrovascular model informed by histology for simulating the cortical depth-dependent BOLD fMRI signal
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Closed-loop real-virtual interactions validate 3D model of social coordination in fish
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Assessing the validity and reliability of computational phenotyping of mood
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A fast numerical integration scheme for clonal expansion processes on graphs
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Quantifying the impact of vaccination on pertussis dynamics in Sweden
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Motif-Cluster: Motif driven prioritization of transcription factor binding clusters
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AddaGCN: Spatial transcriptomics deconvolution using graph convolutional networks with adversarial discriminative domain adaptation
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Stochastic modeling of long-legged ant A. gracilipes locomotion in laboratory experiments
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Neural population models for EEG: From Canonical models to alternative model structures
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Decoding behavior with minimal and interpretable agent models
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Toward reliable machine learning models for neural circuit inference: A diagnostic study of CNNs on spike trains
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An alignment-free strategy for circulating tumor DNA detection and tumor fraction estimation from whole-genome sequencing data
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 10, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013356
SKIM: A fast sketching strategy integrated with model’s dynamic-feedback for large-scale single-cell transcriptomic analysis
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RareCapsNet: An explainable capsule network enables robust discovery of rare cell populations from large-scale single-cell transcriptomics
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 10, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013962
EvoSNR-Prom: Predicting promoters at single-nucleotide resolution with label-aware transfer learning of the pretrained EVO model
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 10, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014626
CRITERIA: A network decomposition and elementary flux mode translation-based tool for computing equilibria of biochemical systems
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 11, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014633
Edge-aware GAT-based protein binding sites prediction
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The genetic code at the balance point of error and demand
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Alignment-free prediction of cross-reactivity in influenza A (H3N2) anticipates antigenic drift
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Assessing the reliability of cellular decision making from noisy, multidimensional single-cell TNF–NF-κB signaling data
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REvolutionH-tl 2.0: A fast and robust tool for decoding evolutionary gene histories
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 12, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013017
A benchmarking study of feature screening approaches across type 1 diabetes omics studies classification settings
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An agent-based model of Trypanosoma brucei social motility to explore determinants of colony pattern formation
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Evaluation of short-term multi-target respiratory forecasts over winter 2024-25 in England using sub-ensemble contribution analyses
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Mechanical power output during stretch–shortening cycles of rat medial gastrocnemius muscle: Influence of various muscle length trajectories
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Improving the reliability of polygenic risk score-based prediction for cardiovascular and renal complications across ancestries in type 2 diabetes using Mondrian Cross-Conformal Prediction
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scKanFormer: A Transformer-KAN framework with biologically informed attention for cell type annotation in large-scale scRNA-seq data
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 14, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014607
CLASPP: A unified model for predicting post-translational modifications
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 14, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014616
Design of an immunogen containing multidimensionally conserved and immunogenic parts of the HIV proteome
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 14, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014632
Structure-aware deep learning enhances m6A prediction and reveals cell type-associated RNA structural signatures
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 14, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014649
Contrastive learning to fine-tune feature extraction models for the visual cortex
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 17, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014656
The limitations of non-mechanistic methods for characterizing pathogen-pathogen interactions: A simulation study
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 17, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013859
Reconciling contradictory models of subthalamic nucleus contributions to basal ganglia beta oscillations
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 17, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013942
IBAS: Interaction-bridged association studies discovering novel genes underlying complex traits
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 17, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014640
ERFMTDA: Predicting tsRNA–disease associations using an enhanced rotative factorization machine
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 18, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014594
The SATvac model of CD8+ T cell expansion and contraction phases considering memory and effector cell differentiation
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 18, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014702
Cerebellum-inspired neural network of supervised learning with tensor-based sparse coding for multi-class classification
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 18, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014595
Reassessing adult surfactant replacement therapy with mechanics-informed reinforcement learning
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Can intrinsic loop energetics predict G-Quadruplex topology?
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 18, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014542
Enzyme kinetics shapes the growth response of metabolic networks
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CLDN18.2 antibody design with protein language models: A deep learning optimization framework
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 20, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014499
A portable recalibration workflow for reference-based variant calling in non-human genomes
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 20, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014603
Non-Markovian dynamics and effective reproduction number in COVID-19: Evidence from Cyprus contact tracing data
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 21, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014578
An in silico framework for dissecting the mechanistic origins of in vivo recorded neuronal activity
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 21, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014617
The perils of omitting omissions when modeling evidence accumulation
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 21, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014667
How host mobility formulations shape estimates of pathogen dispersal and epidemic risk in non endemic regions
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 24, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014646
Mechanochemical modeling of exercise-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 24, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014691
Double shrinkage transfer causal learning: An application to alzheimer’s disease
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 24, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014706
Theory and evidence of amplitude control by frequency detuning in a coupled neuronal oscillator system
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 25, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014686
Manifold-constrained plasticity enables stable learning in recurrent neural circuits
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 25, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014719
High reelin expression may explain why a subgroup of entorhinal cortex neurons functions as an initial nucleation site of Alzheimer’s disease
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 25, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014532
Modeling the influences of non-local connectomic projections on geometrically constrained cortical dynamics
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 26, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014673
Multiscale modeling of T cell exhaustion: A mathematical framework integrating continuous dynamics with spatial heterogeneity
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 26, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014690
Simulation and inference methods for non-Markovian stochastic reaction networks
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 26, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014687
The complex swarming dynamics of malaria mosquitoes emerge from simple minimally-interactive behavioral rules
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 26, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014685
iDCF: Interpretable deconvolution of cell fractions via biologically-informed deep learning using scRNA-seq data
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 27, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014727
Leveraging synthetic and genetic data to improve epidemic forecasting
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 27, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014630
Systematic multivariate analysis of chromatin complex dependencies reveals Set1C/COMPASS as a melanoma-enriched epigenetic vulnerability
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 27, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014018
Noisy models of the ventral stream reveal the impact of recurrence and learned representations on information processing timescales
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 27, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014653
ASPIRE: Accurate alternative splicing prediction from limited RNA sequencing data and a minimal gene set
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 28, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014725
Metal binding site alignment enables network-driven discovery of recurrent geometries across sequence-divergent proteins and drug off-targets
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 28, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014636
Disentangling the drivers of heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2 transmission from data on viral load and daily contact rates
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 28, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014715
GPCR-GO: Relation-aware graph learning for predicting Gene Ontology terms of G protein-coupled receptors
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 28, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014718
Simple birth-death-mutation models predict some—but not all—aspects of the experimental evolution of antibiotic resistance
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 28, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014666
Economic factors promoting vaccine nationalism in the face of viral evolution
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 31, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014466
Prospects of HIV elimination among men who have sex with men: A systematic review of modeling studies
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 31, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014596
Mapping spatial colleague connectivity patterns from individual-level registry data to inform regional pandemic interventions
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 31, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014721
Population morphology implies a common developmental blueprint for Drosophila motion detectors
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 31, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014657
Corrections
Correction: Predictive modeling of gene expression and localization of DNA binding site using deep convolutional neural networks
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 11, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014647
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Correction: Training biologists in Unix command-line skills: From curriculum to interactive online tutorials
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Methods
Real-time GPU-accelerated coupled cardiac system: Integrating bidirectional interactions between living optogenetic monolayers and computational simulations
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 3, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014590
ScanNet: Single-cell annotation informed by transcriptional regulation Network via iterative heterogeneous graph learning
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 6, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014602
Collective posterior inference from highly variable empirical replicates
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 11, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014534
Software
GeneInsight: Condensing gene set knowledge via language models
PLOS Computational Biology: published August 5, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014500