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Current Issue of PLoSBiology


Current Issue | PLOS Computational Biology
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August 2026

The CLASPP framework combines unsupervised sequence-space stratification with supervised contrastive learning in protein language model embedding space to predict 12 PTM types from a single model. Training and experimental validation were performed in humans, while out-of-distribution testing spanned diverse model organisms across the evolutionary tree shown. The model’s utility in phosphoproteomics workflows is demonstrated through the annotation of ubiquitination sites in the understudied DCLK3 kinase. By integrating evolutionary breadth, experimental validation, and behavioral testing, CLASPP establishes a framework for rigorous benchmarking of next-generation multi-PTM prediction models (Gravel et al., 2026).

Image Credit: Nathan Gravel, licensed under CC BY 4.0

Education Articles

De novo assembly and authentication of ancient DNA metagenomes with nf-core/mag

James A. Fellows Yates, Alexander Hübner, Maxime Borry, nf-core community, Christina Warinner

Twelve quick tips for applying deep learning to animal sounds

Burooj Ghani, Anne Leonie Baier, Vincent J. Kalkman, Dan Stowell

Ten simple rules for effective use of generative AI for code development in environmental science

Rachel A. King, Laurel Abowd, Carlo W. Broderick, LM Bradley, Max F. Czapanskiy, Mona M. Farnisa, Erica M. Ferrer, Carmen Galaz García, Darian Gill, Nicole M. Greco, Juliette Jacquemont, Justin A. Kadi, Li Kui, Gretchen LeBuhn, Liying Li, Abigail Meyer, Marisa Morse, Evan Patrick, Samantha Shanny-Csik, Nicholas A. C. Tucker, Zhe Wang, Caitlin R. Fong

Ten quick tips for causal analysis of biomedical omics data

Gleb Svinin, Rebecca Ting Jiin Loo, Nikhilesh Vasantha Kumar, Varsha Venkatesha Murthy, Dilara Uzuner Odongo, Ramón Díaz-Uriarte, Ana Conesa, Gianluca Bontempi, Susana Vinga, Ilaria Granata, Daniel Domingo-Fernández, Paola Lecca, Marieke L. Kuijjer, Jesse H. Krijthe, Ina Koch, Laurence Calzone, Simona Ester Rombo, Fátima Sánchez-Cabo, Enrico Glaab

Eleven quick tips for Biomedical Federated Learning

Kyle Ellrott, Venkat S. Malladi, Jean-Christophe Bélisle-Pipon, Emek Demir, Yael Bensoussan, Serghei Mangul, Alex A. T. Bui, Paul C. Boutros

Perspectives

The multi-omics fallacy in microbiome science

Rebecca Lewandowski

Research Articles

Successful reinforcement history suppresses explicit and implicit error corrections

John Buggeln, Nicholas Muscara, Seth R. Sullivan, Jan A. Calalo, Truc T. Ngo, Matthew Short, Adam M. Roth, Michael J. Carter, Joshua G. A. Cashaback

Accurate de novo transcription unit annotation from run-on and sequencing data

Paul R. Munn, Jay Chia, Charles G. Danko

Cell-specific Cahn-Hilliard models predict condensed fates of the chromosomal passenger complex

Sarah M. Groves, Min-Jhe Lu, Astrid Catalina Alvarez-Yela, Monserrat Gerardo-Ramírez, P. Todd Stukenberg, John S. Lowengrub, Kevin A. Janes

Impact of insecticide resistance evolution on malaria vector control

Neil Philip Hobbs, Sumin Kim, Thiery Masserey, Nakul Chitnis

Accounting for the long-distance transmission route: An epidemiological model of airborne disease transmission in hospitals

Olivier Gaufrès, Quentin J. Leclerc, Julien Derdevet, George Shirreff, Solen Kernéis, Lulla Opatowski, Laura Temime, Maylis Layan

Deep learning-supported image quantification of epithelial cell shapes and its application to polycystic kidney disease

Johannes Jahn, Alexis Hofherr, Clara Consoli, Berenike Fajen, Rebekka Goll, Greta Theresa Liedtke, Adrian Boehm, Friederike Selbach, Paul Christoph Zeisler, Vanessa Weichselberger, Anne-Kathrin Classen, Lukas Westermann, Tilman Busch, Michael Köttgen

A synthetic 3D human cerebrovascular model informed by histology for simulating the cortical depth-dependent BOLD fMRI signal

Mario Gilberto Báez-Yáñez, Jeroen C. W. Siero, Matthias J. P. van Osch, Natalia Petridou

Closed-loop real-virtual interactions validate 3D model of social coordination in fish

Ramón Escobedo, Justine Reynaud, Renaud Bastien, Stéphane Sanchez, Clément Sire, Guy Theraulaz

Assessing the validity and reliability of computational phenotyping of mood

Pablo Carrillo, Marc Benhamou, Roeland Heerema, Jean Daunizeau, Mathias Pessiglione, Fabien Vinckier

A fast numerical integration scheme for clonal expansion processes on graphs

Chay Paterson, Miaomiao Gao, Joshua Hellier, Georg Luebeck, David C. Wedge, Ivana Bozic

Quantifying the impact of vaccination on pertussis dynamics in Sweden

Tobias S. Brett, Andrew Tredennick, Michael Briga, Laurent Coudeville, Denis Macina, Matthieu Domenech de Cellès, Pejman Rohani

Stochastic modeling of long-legged ant A. gracilipes locomotion in laboratory experiments

Jack Featherstone, Anouk Béraud, Meta Virant-Doberlet, Antonio Celani, Mahesh M. Bandi

Neural population models for EEG: From Canonical models to alternative model structures

Nina Omejc, Sabin Roman, Ljupčo Todorovski, Sašo Džeroski

Decoding behavior with minimal and interpretable agent models

Giorgio Nicoletti, Antonio Celani

An alignment-free strategy for circulating tumor DNA detection and tumor fraction estimation from whole-genome sequencing data

Carmen Oroperv, Amanda Frydendahl, Tenna Vesterman Henriksen, Giovanni Santacatterina, Alice Antonello, Nicola Calonaci, Mads Heilskov Rasmussen, Giulio Caravagna, Claus Lindbjerg Andersen, Søren Besenbacher, IMPROVE-consortia

SKIM: A fast sketching strategy integrated with model’s dynamic-feedback for large-scale single-cell transcriptomic analysis

Jiaxing Bai, Feng Zhou, Chongyang Tan, Yichun Gao, Yushuang He, Xiaobing Huang, Ying Wang

CRITERIA: A network decomposition and elementary flux mode translation-based tool for computing equilibria of biochemical systems

Exequiel Jun V. Villejo, Aurelio A. de los Reyes V, Bryan S. Hernandez

Edge-aware GAT-based protein binding sites prediction

Weisen Yang, Hanqing Zhang, Wangren Qiu, Xuan Xiao, Weizhong Lin

The genetic code at the balance point of error and demand

Yudam Seo, Tsvi Tlusty, Junghyo Jo

Alignment-free prediction of cross-reactivity in influenza A (H3N2) anticipates antigenic drift

Alpha Forna, Lambodhar Damodaran, Christian E. Gunning, Parnian Rahimi, Aarya Venkat, Natarajan Kannan, Rebecca Kondor, Justin Bahl, Pejman Rohani, John M. Drake

Assessing the reliability of cellular decision making from noisy, multidimensional single-cell TNF–NF-κB signaling data

Ali Emadi, Tomasz Lipniacki, Andre Levchenko, Ali Abdi

REvolutionH-tl 2.0: A fast and robust tool for decoding evolutionary gene histories

José Antonio Ramírez-Rafael, Annachiara Korchmaros, Katia Aviña-Padilla, Alitzel López-Sánchez, Gabriel Martinez-Medina, Alfredo J. Hernández-Álvarez, Marc Hellmuth, Peter F. Stadler, Maribel Hernández-Rosales

A benchmarking study of feature screening approaches across type 1 diabetes omics studies classification settings

Erik D. VonKaenel, Lisa M. Bramer, Javier E. Flores, Thomas O. Metz, Ernesto S. Nakayasu, Bobbie-Jo M. Webb-Robertson

An agent-based model of Trypanosoma brucei social motility to explore determinants of colony pattern formation

Andreas Kuhn, Timothy Krüger, Markus Engstler, Sabine C. Fischer

Evaluation of short-term multi-target respiratory forecasts over winter 2024-25 in England using sub-ensemble contribution analyses

Jack Kennedy, William Ferguson, Owen Jones, Steven Riley, Thomas Ward, Maria L. Tang, Jonathon Mellor

Mechanical power output during stretch–shortening cycles of rat medial gastrocnemius muscle: Influence of various muscle length trajectories

Edwin D. H. M. Reuvers, Huub Maas, Wendy Noort, Maarten F. Bobbert, Dinant A. Kistemaker

Improving the reliability of polygenic risk score-based prediction for cardiovascular and renal complications across ancestries in type 2 diabetes using Mondrian Cross-Conformal Prediction

Edoh Kodji, Redha Attaoua, Mounsif Haloui, Camil Hishmih, Mirjam Seitz, Mark Woodward, Julie G. Hussin, Pavel Hamet, Johanne Tremblay

scKanFormer: A Transformer-KAN framework with biologically informed attention for cell type annotation in large-scale scRNA-seq data

Lin Yuan, Junjie Cao, Shengguo Sun, Siguo Wang, Lan Ye, De-Shuang Huang

CLASPP: A unified model for predicting post-translational modifications

Nathan Gravel, Zhongliang Zhou, Ruili Fang, Austin Downes, Saber Soleymani, Natarajan Kannan

Contrastive learning to fine-tune feature extraction models for the visual cortex

Alex Mulrooney, Zhi Li, Austin J. Brockmeier

The limitations of non-mechanistic methods for characterizing pathogen-pathogen interactions: A simulation study

Sarah C. Kramer, Sarah Pirikahu, Cana Kussmaul, Lulla Opatowski, Matthieu Domenech de Cellès

Reconciling contradictory models of subthalamic nucleus contributions to basal ganglia beta oscillations

Ka Nap Tse, G. Bard Ermentrout, Jonathan E. Rubin

IBAS: Interaction-bridged association studies discovering novel genes underlying complex traits

Dinghao Wang, Pathum Kossinna, Karen Ardila, Senitha Kumarapeli, M. Ethan MacDonald, Jingjing Wu, Qingrun Zhang

ERFMTDA: Predicting tsRNA–disease associations using an enhanced rotative factorization machine

Wei Lan, Dong Wang, Wenyi Chen, Xuhua Yan, Qingfeng Chen, Shirui Pan, Yi Pan

The SATvac model of CD8+ T cell expansion and contraction phases considering memory and effector cell differentiation

Seyedeh Fatemeh Seyyedizadeh, David A. Christian, Thomas A. Adams II

Cerebellum-inspired neural network of supervised learning with tensor-based sparse coding for multi-class classification

Runguang Zhou, Douglas Zhou, Songting Li, Xiaoyu Chen

Reassessing adult surfactant replacement therapy with mechanics-informed reinforcement learning

Philippe Meliga, Gregor Roncin, Alejandro Yepes Peñaranda, Elie Hachem

Can intrinsic loop energetics predict G-Quadruplex topology?

Michał Jurkowski, Mateusz Kogut, Mikołaj Ławicki, Jacek Czub

Enzyme kinetics shapes the growth response of metabolic networks

Leon Seeger, Fernanda Pinheiro, Michael Lässig

CLDN18.2 antibody design with protein language models: A deep learning optimization framework

Tao Qu, Lingyan Yuan, Weiran Cui, Jiatian Tang, Zhitong Bing, Xianghong Xu, Jizheng Duan, Qiong Yang, Hui Cai

A portable recalibration workflow for reference-based variant calling in non-human genomes

Hyeonjung Lee, Sunhee Kim, Michelle Audrelia Sunartha, Chang-Yong Lee, Young-suk Lee

Non-Markovian dynamics and effective reproduction number in COVID-19: Evidence from Cyprus contact tracing data

Pavlos Alexandros Dimitriou, Matteo D’Alessandro, Brian L. Chang, Valentinos Silvestros, Elisavet Constantinou, Costas Pitris, Panayiotis Kolios, Piet Van Mieghem

An in silico framework for dissecting the mechanistic origins of in vivo recorded neuronal activity

Bjorge Meulemeester, Arco Bast, María Royo, Rieke Fruengel, Su Saka, Foivos Kastrinakis, Marcel Oberlaender

The perils of omitting omissions when modeling evidence accumulation

Xiamin Leng, Alexander Fengler, Amitai Shenhav, Michael J. Frank

How host mobility formulations shape estimates of pathogen dispersal and epidemic risk in non endemic regions

Charley Presigny, Piero Poletti, Stefano Merler, Manlio De Domenico

Mechanochemical modeling of exercise-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy

Ingvild S. Devold, Marie E. Rognes, Padmini Rangamani

Double shrinkage transfer causal learning: An application to alzheimer’s disease

Yunxin Shi, Lulu Pan, Yu Hu, Yongfu Yu, Guoyou Qin

Theory and evidence of amplitude control by frequency detuning in a coupled neuronal oscillator system

Adam C. Lu, Seyed AmirHossein Ourang, Jeffrey D. Moore

Manifold-constrained plasticity enables stable learning in recurrent neural circuits

Camille Godin, Jean-Philippe Thivierge

High reelin expression may explain why a subgroup of entorhinal cortex neurons functions as an initial nucleation site of Alzheimer’s disease

Asgeir Kobro-Flatmoen, Jagir R. Hussan, Peter J. Hunter, Stig W. Omholt

Modeling the influences of non-local connectomic projections on geometrically constrained cortical dynamics

Rishikesan Maran, Eli J. Müller, Ben D. Fulcher

Multiscale modeling of T cell exhaustion: A mathematical framework integrating continuous dynamics with spatial heterogeneity

Chenghang Li, Yuhong Zhang, Xue Liu, Yipu Qu, Xiulan Lai, Jinzhi Lei

Simulation and inference methods for non-Markovian stochastic reaction networks

Thomas P. Steele, David J. Warne

The complex swarming dynamics of malaria mosquitoes emerge from simple minimally-interactive behavioral rules

Antoine Cribellier, Bèwadéyir Serge Poda, Roch K. Dabiré, Abdoulaye Diabaté, Olivier Roux, Florian T. Muijres

iDCF: Interpretable deconvolution of cell fractions via biologically-informed deep learning using scRNA-seq data

Hongjiang Guo, Tingfang Wu, Wenzheng Wang, Yelu Jiang, Geng Li, Liangpeng Nie, Yunhua Jia, Lijun Quan, Moli Huang, Qiang Lyu

Leveraging synthetic and genetic data to improve epidemic forecasting

Dave Osthus, Alexander C. Murph, Emma E. Goldberg, Lauren J. Beesley, William M. Fischer, Nidhi Parikh, Lauren A. Castro

ASPIRE: Accurate alternative splicing prediction from limited RNA sequencing data and a minimal gene set

Ran Eisenberg, Efraim Rahamim, Eli Kopel, Miri Danan-Gotthold, Erez Y. Levanon, Ofir Lindenbaum

Disentangling the drivers of heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2 transmission from data on viral load and daily contact rates

Billy J. Quilty, Lloyd A. C. Chapman, James D. Munday, Kerry L. M. Wong, Amy Gimma, Suzanne Pickering, Stuart Neil, Rui Pedro Galao, W. John Edmunds, Christopher I. Jarvis, Adam J. Kucharski

GPCR-GO: Relation-aware graph learning for predicting Gene Ontology terms of G protein-coupled receptors

Anchi Sun, Yongjing Hao, Yijie Ding, Jing Chen, Hongjie Wu

Economic factors promoting vaccine nationalism in the face of viral evolution

Ari S. Freedman, Bjarke Frost Nielsen, Chadi M. Saad-Roy, Bryan T. Grenfell, C. Jessica E. Metcalf, Simon A. Levin

Prospects of HIV elimination among men who have sex with men: A systematic review of modeling studies

Jacob Aiden Roberts, Alexandra Teslya, Mirjam E. Kretzschmar, Janneke H.H.M. van de Wijgert, Ganna Rozhnova

Mapping spatial colleague connectivity patterns from individual-level registry data to inform regional pandemic interventions

PingPing Song, Sake J. de Vlas, Tom Emery, Luc E. Coffeng

Population morphology implies a common developmental blueprint for Drosophila motion detectors

Nikolas Drummond, Arthur Zhao, Alexander Borst

Corrections

Correction: Training biologists in Unix command-line skills: From curriculum to interactive online tutorials

Lucie Khamvongsa-Charbonnier, Robert Aboukhalil, Hélène Chiapello, Thomas Denecker, Pierre Poulain, Denis Puthier, Olivier Sand, Morgane Thomas-Chollier, Claire Toffano-Nioche

Related Articles

Methods

ScanNet: Single-cell annotation informed by transcriptional regulation Network via iterative heterogeneous graph learning

Yongyu Long, Wenhao Zhang, Lan Cao, Xiaobing Huang, Ying Wang

Collective posterior inference from highly variable empirical replicates

Nadav Ben Nun, Saharon Rosset, David Gresham, Yoav Ram

Software

GeneInsight: Condensing gene set knowledge via language models

Wee Loong Chin, Kevin Chen, Timo Lassmann