Hippocampal replay is the reactivation of neural activity patterns associated with past experience during awake rest and sleep. This image shows replay during sharp-wave ripples in a sleeping rat, with neural firing sequences linked to locations on a previously explored environment. Here, we introduce a probabilistic framework based on drift-diffusion dynamics to characterize how the spatial content of replay unfolds over time. Our framework helps clarify debates including replay speed, whether replay follows a random walk, and the strength of sequential activity before spatial experience. These results provide a new lens on the neural processes underlying spatial learning and memory (Wu and Wei, 2026).
Image Credit: Zhongxuan Wu
Education Articles
Eight quick tips for requesting materials from natural history collections
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 10, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014753
Ten quick tips for spatial transcriptomics analysis
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 15, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014757
Ten simple rules for elevating Indigenous partnerships in research
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 16, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014770
A practical risk framework for large language model use in life science research
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 16, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014776
Twelve quick tips for designing AI-driven HPC workflows
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 18, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014777
Perspectives
Ten simple rules for suggesting reviewers during a paper submission
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 16, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014780
When models choose metrics: Hidden geometry in computational biology
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 17, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014789
Research Articles
Cross-bridge model for predicting muscle short-range stiffness during movement
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 1, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014748
From sequences to strategies: Early detection of new SARS-CoV-2 variants via genetic distance to reduce hospitalizations
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 1, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014707
A unified model of short- and long-term plasticity: Effects on network connectivity and information capacity
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 2, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014730
Synergies and trade-offs in the heat shock response mechanism
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 2, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014729
Host-initiated microbial association leads to stable ectosymbiosis in an ecological model
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 2, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014699
Speeding up taxonomy in the digital age: A deep learning approach for identifying cryptic freshwater snails
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 2, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014733
Sequence-free landscape inference for directed evolution
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 3, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014713
The paradox of neglecting changes in behavior: How standard epidemic models misestimate both transmissibility and final epidemic size
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 3, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014746
Topological potentials guiding protein self-assembly
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 3, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014709
Balanced DNA interpolation improves learning of genetic distance-informed embeddings in plants
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 3, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014722
A unified framework for potency-oriented AMP discovery via multi-modal learning and guided sequence synthesis
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 3, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014771
Exploring heterogeneity in mosquito exposure and attraction and its implications for malaria transmission
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 8, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014631
Non-coding RNA 7SK drives tumor resistance by coupling local oncogenic activation with global transcriptional repression
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 8, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014749
Not every gene is special: Modelling scale controls the false discovery rate when analysing high-throughput sequencing data
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 8, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014728
Spatially guided translation from histology images to transcriptomic profiles using foundation model-driven contrastive learning
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 8, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014762
Computer models predict differential dendritic vulnerability with ischemia and spreading depression
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 8, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014701
The value of a prophage-borne defense system in phage–phage competition
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 8, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014739
scGSI: Graph-guided self-supervised integration of paired single-cell multi-omics
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 8, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014773
Clusters, fingers, and singles: A mechanical landscape of tumor invasion
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 8, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014747
A phase field model with stochastic input simulates cellular gradient sensing, morphodynamics, and fidelity of haptotaxis
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 9, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014726
A real-time forecasting framework for emerging infectious diseases affecting animal populations
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 10, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014716
Biomarker discovery and patient stratification in pancreatic cancer using incomplete multi-omics data
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 10, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014735
The pitfalls of incidence-based time series regression for inferring the effects of weather on infectious diseases
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 10, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014797
AET5: A transcriptome-guided molecular generation framework with contrastive self-supervised learning
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 10, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014703
Calmodulin controls spatial and temporal specificity of calcium-induced calcium release
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 10, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013752
Environmental and demographic determinants of Aedes albopictus seasonal activity in southern France: A modeling study
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 10, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014799
Leveraging perturbations to infer the population dynamics of human rhinovirus and interaction of influenza A virus
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 11, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014784
Ecological specialization in vectors alters transmission thresholds and endemic dynamics in multi-host, multi-vector systems
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 11, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014754
Quantification of beta-cell carrying capacity in prediabetes
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 15, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014589
Dynamic vibration-driven feedback shapes predator–prey interactions in an orb-weaving spider
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 15, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014802
Predicting bacterial vaginosis incidence using artificial neural networks
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 15, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014768
Synchronization properties in C. elegans: Relating behavioral circuits to structural and functional neuronal connectivity
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 15, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014152
Hierarchical feature binding in a spiking neural network model of the primate ventral visual pathway
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 16, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014752
Multiscale computational modeling to quantify how spiral artery remodeling alters wall shear stress on placental villi
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 16, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014769
Monte Carlo modeling of the formation and organization of ion channel clustering
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 17, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014791
SmartHisto: Bayesian active learning for histology images
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 17, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013611
PanDelos-plus: A parallel algorithm for computing sequence homology in pangenomic analysis
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 17, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014724
Machine learning–driven decoding of maternal immune signatures in repeated pregnancy loss
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 17, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014806
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and kidney disease: Genetic associations and computational prioritization of candidate toxicogenomic pathways
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 17, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014665
Balanced contractility and adhesion drive polarization in a minimal elastic actomyosin network
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 18, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014750
Data-driven modeling of spatiotemporal dynamics using multimodal imaging data
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 18, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014751
Evolutionary rescue model informs strategies for driving cancer cell populations to extinction
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 18, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014803
Integrative AI-assisted modeling suggests CPPF binding at a composite α/β-tubulin interface pocket dominated by β-tubulin contacts
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 18, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014804
Domain classification of archaeal proteomes reveals conserved fold repertoire
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 18, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014188
Human perception of avian biodiversity in naturalistic auditory scenes
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 21, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014775
Methotrexate’s effect on cells and adalimumab immunogenicity in axial spondyloarthritis: A mathematical study
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 21, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014740
Dynamics of jaw kinematics and fundamental frequency suggest vocal tract tuning in the indris’ song
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 21, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014781
Developmental and tissue expression breadth define distinct but overlapping classes of housekeeping genes
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 21, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014787
Seizure recruitment properties are dependent upon dynamotype: A modeling study
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 21, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013975
Mapping a differentiation architecture for hard tissue mineralization with large-scale single-cell atlases
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 21, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014788
The functional impact of myofiber macroscopic organization and disarray in computational models of the murine heart
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 21, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014807
In-silico personalized protein–protein interaction networks prioritize candidate compounds for glioblastoma
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 22, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014785
OT-knn: A neighborhood-aware optimal transport framework for aligning spatial transcriptomics data
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 22, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014041
Communication through autoattractants can enhance and limit collective migration of immune cells
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 22, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014809
A physiology-based mathematical model of the renin-angiotensin system, bone remodeling, and calcium homeostasis: Effects of estrogen and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 22, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013101
Drift-diffusion dynamics of hippocampal replay
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 22, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014761
Deterministic dynamics of distributional multi-agent reinforcement learning
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 23, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014723
A spectral framework for measuring diversity in multiple sequence alignments
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 23, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014778
Comparing subsampling strategies for efficient pairwise analysis of large pathogen genomic and spatial datasets: An application to Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 23, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014353
Structural Variant benchmarking frameworks: Parameterization, matching logic, and evaluation assumptions presented through HG002 and NA12878
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 23, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014824
Coupling with opinion dynamics promotes prosocial behavior in multilayer networks
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 23, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014810
Triplet-based species tree estimation: Sensitivity to gene tree rooting (or lack thereof)
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 23, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014782
Nematic structures contribute to robust zygotic polarization in C. elegans
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 23, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014792
Shared pathogenic genes and therapeutic targets in periodontitis and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: An integrative bioinformatics and machine learning study
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 23, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014669
Mechanical polarity links adhesion-regulated protrusions to directional stability in glioblastoma cell migration
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 24, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014772
Decomposing response inhibition: A POMDP model
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 25, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014068
Topologically-based parameter inference for agent-based model selection from spatiotemporal cellular data
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 25, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014801
Integrating zero-inflation correction and transcriptional kinetics for single-cell transcriptomic analysis
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 25, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014779
Fast structural search for classification of gut bacterial mucin O-glycan degrading enzymes
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 25, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014034
From observable fermentation data to hidden cell states: A modeling study of a mixotrophic Clostridium coculture under perfusion mode
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 28, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014759
Using iPALM to determine protein organisation in cardiac muscle Z-discs
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 28, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014309
Attribution assignment for deep-generative sequence models enables interpretability analysis using positive-only data
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 28, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014805
Spatial cell-cell communication inference based on cell-spot-ligand-receptor heterogeneous graphs
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 28, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014835
A compartmentalized SCN model explains temperature resistance through interregional phase differences
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 29, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014831
Spatiotemporal modeling of GPCR signaling: The role of endosomal dynamics and receptor recycling
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 29, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014790
Context-dependent feature modulation shapes human decision policies in approach–avoidance conflicts
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 30, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014793
Modeling decision dynamics disentangles working memory, cognitive control and reinforcement learning and reveals clinical differences
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 30, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014796
Mixed updating in structured populations
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 30, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014829
Generative diffusion models for spatiotemporal influenza forecasting
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 30, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014846
Granger sensori-behavioral functional taxonomy of neuronal ensemble activity from two-photon calcium imaging data
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 30, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014820
Modelling vasopressin synthesis and storage dynamics during prolonged osmotic challenge and recovery based on activity dependent upregulation of mRNA transcription
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 30, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014832
GeoEPred: A multimodal structure-aware geometric deep learning framework for Gram-negative bacterial secreted effector prediction with sequence semantics
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 30, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014344
Corrections
Correction: Quantitative and Kinetic Proteomics Reveal ApoE Isoform-dependent Proteostasis Adaptations in Mouse Brain
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 8, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014764
Related Articles
Correction: Screening of core targets for Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate-related gastric cancer based on machine learning, molecular docking, and SHAP analysis
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 14, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014783
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Correction: Quantifying the spatiotemporal dynamics of the first two epidemic waves of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the United States
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 15, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014800
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Correction: Study of Protein-Protein Interactions in Septin Assembly: Multiple amphipathic helix domains cooperate in binding to the lipid membrane
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 22, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014812
Related Articles
Formal Comment
Response to comment on “Using genomic data and machine learning to predict antibiotic resistance: A tutorial paper”
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 18, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014710
Methods
A Bayesian framework for multivariate differential analysis
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 2, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014637
Robust circular cluster-based statistics for respiration-brain coupling
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 3, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014672
PCIPG: A comprehensive framework for protein complex identification based on a probabilistic graphical model
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 3, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014698
Inferring effective neuronal circuits via network flux counting
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 15, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014763
R-package agentBayes: Likelihood-based statistical methods for agent-based models
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 15, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014786
High-throughput virus quantification using cytopathic effect area analysis
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 16, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013511
Direct microhaplotype genotyping for GT-seq (Genotyping-in-Thousands by Sequencing) using a diploid abundance model
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 18, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014808
Glycan reachability analysis: A bottleneck-aware framework for inferring tissue-specific glycan biosynthetic potential from transcriptomics
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 24, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014655
Software
malariasimple: An R package for fast simulations of malaria transmission
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 1, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1013687
Hunting for microsatellite instability in long-read data with Owl
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 2, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014423
Analysis of multicellular anatomical structures from spatial omics data using sosta
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 10, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014551
PEtab Select: Specification standard and supporting software for automated model selection
PLOS Computational Biology: published September 30, 2026 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1014774