Table Of Contents Page, PNAS Volume 122, Number 48
Special Feature
Genetics of Canine Domestication, Migration, and Behavior
Many contemporary breed dogs display reduced genomic health compared to mixed-breed
dogs, including reduced heterozygosity and increased genetic load, likely due to strong
directed breeding. Lack of historical genomes, however, has made it difficult to ...
The multi-millennia-long history between dogs and humans has placed them at the forefront
of archaeological and genomic research. Despite ongoing efforts including the analysis
of ancient dog and wolf genomes, many questions remain regarding the ...
The European colonial expansion had dramatic consequences on both Indigenous Peoples
and local fauna. In Australia, the degree to which the arrival of Europeans and their
dogs impacted the ecology and ancestry of dingoes is contentious. To test for gene
...
Dogs evolved through interactions between people and gray wolves during the Late Pleistocene
and have been ubiquitous in human societies ever since. Instances of wolf-to-dog introgression
are rare, but adaptive introgression has been shown in association ...
Dogs were domesticated at least once from a yet-unidentified wolf population at least
~15,000 y ago. However, how domestication took place is a topic of ongoing debate,
and the ability of human groups to manage wolves in their communities during early
...
Dogs display temperamental and behavioral variation between individuals, just as psychiatric,
temperamental, and cognitive traits vary in humans. In both species, these traits
are highly heritable, yet causal genes remain incompletely understood. We ...
Genetic tests for behavioral and personality traits in dogs are now being marketed
to pet owners, but their predictive accuracy has not been validated. To evaluate the
reliability of such tests, we analyzed data from Darwin’s Ark, a community science
...
The polygamous mating system of free-ranging domestic dogs (FRDs) contrasts with the
social monogamy typical of gray wolves and all other wild canids. The transition to
polygamy in dogs could have been initiated by a shift from apex predator to human
...
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The marine biological carbon pump is driven by sinking particulate organic matter
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Engineering
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Fabricating materials within optically opaque structures, such as biological tissue,
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Environmental Sciences
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Social Sciences
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Political Sciences
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Fusidic acid (FA) is one of few remaining antibiotics active against Methicillin-resistant
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Immunogenic cell death (ICD) enhances antitumor immunity by releasing tumor-associated
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Microbiology
CutA, a conserved protein across all domains of life, has been suggested to be involved
in copper tolerance in bacteria, though recent studies have questioned this association,
leaving its biological role unknown. To clarify its function, we studied cutA ...
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virion egress. Here, we show that targeting Lamin A/C also plays a previously unrecognized
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Neuroscience
Light-field microscopy (LFM) enables high-throughput functional imaging by scanlessly
encoding entire volumes in single snapshots. However, LFM’s computational burden and
vulnerability to scattering limit its application to biological imaging. We present
...
The developing brain undergoes neuroplasticity driven by learning, experience, and
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...
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in ...
The decisional reference point serves as a hidden benchmark for evaluating options
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...
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Long-term memory (LTM) formation requires precise gene regulation, yet the role of
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The timing and quality of sleep is regulated by circadian- and sleep–wake-driven processes.
The core clock gene Bmal1 not only affects the circadian timing of sleep, but also the response to sleep deprivation
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Synapses must be resilient to the challenges they confront during development, experience,
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Physiology
Growth hormone (GH) is a key systemic regulator of longitudinal bone growth and is
widely used in pediatric endocrinology, including in patients without GH deficiency.
Its primary target is the growth plate—a cartilaginous structure driving bone ...
Plant Biology
The plant hormone gibberellin (GA4) regulates numerous developmental processes. Within the root, GA4 controls growth, in part, by controlling the extent of cell elongation. The nlsGPS1
FRET biosensor revealed a GA4 gradient within the Arabidopsis root ...
In nature, plants cope with various pathogens that compete for cellular resources
during infection. It has long been suggested that plant defense activity must be linked
to cellular energy and metabolic states to optimize the balance between growth and
...
The rate and spectrum of somatic mutations can diverge from that of germline mutations.
This is because somatic tissues experience different mutagenic processes than germline
tissues. Here, we use nanorate sequencing (NanoSeq) to identify somatic ...
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-hydrolyzing enzyme (GTPase) activating proteins (GAPs)
negatively regulate small GTPase-mediated signaling by enhancing GTP to guanosine
diphosphate (GDP) hydrolysis. The Rho small GTPase Of Plants (ROP) signaling pathway
...
LAZY proteins function early in the process of orienting growth of land plants with
respect to the gravity vector (gravitropism). In Arabidopsis, an oppositely oriented and LAZY-independent form of gravitropism causes the inflorescence
stems of a lazy ...
Perennial plants, such as trees native to temperate and boreal regions, exhibit meristems
that undergo annual cycles of activity and rest to synchronize their growth cycles
with seasonal changes, ensuring survival under harsh winter conditions. The arrest
...
The dynamic organization of chromatin governs gene expression by regulating DNA accessibility.
In plants, light not only initiates photomorphogenesis but also reshapes higher-order
chromatin architecture. However, the limited resolution of current ...
Population Biology
Following the late 2022 transition from its “dynamic zero-COVID” policy, China experienced
a major nationwide severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron
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Inference of Ancestral Recombination Graphs (ARGs) is of central interest in the analysis
of genomic variation. ARGs can be specified in terms of topologies and coalescence
times. The coalescence times are usually estimated using an informative prior ...
Psychological and Cognitive Sciences
Balancing efficiency and flexibility in collective decision-making is increasingly
critical in modern societies characterized by rapid sociocultural and technological
change. Recent research in cognitive neuroscience has proposed two contrasting ...
Systems Biology
Deploying motile nanosized particles, also known as “nanobots,” in the human body
promises to improve selectivity in drug delivery and reduce side effects. We consider
a swarm of nanobots locating a single cancerous region and treating it by releasing
an ...
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