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NAME

lalign - compare two protein or DNA sequences for local similarity and show the local sequence alignments

plalign - compare two sequences for local similarity and plot the local sequence alignments

SYNOPSIS

lalign [-fgOmsw] sequence-file-1 sequence-file-2 [ #-of-alignments ]

plalign [-fgmsv] sequence-file-1 sequence-file-2 [ #-of-alignments ]

DESCRIPTION

lalign and plalign programs compare two sequences looking for local sequence similarities. lalign/plalign use code developed by X. Huang and W. Miller (Adv. Appl. Math. (1991) 12:337-357) for the "sim" program. While ssearch reports only the best alignment between the query sequence and the library sequence, lalign and plalign will report a specified number of alignments (the default is 10) between the two sequences lalign shows the actual local alignments between the two sequences and their scores, while plalign produces a plot of the alignments that looks similar to a `dot-matrix' homology plot. On Unix systems, plalign generates tektronix output that can either be displayed on a tektronix terminal or piped through the tek2ps program for output on the laser printer. On MS-DOS systems, plalign uses the graphics capabilities of the computer screen together with the *.BGI graphics device drivers supplied by Borland with Turbo `C'.

The lalign/plalign/fasta programs use a standard text format sequence file. Lines beginning with `>' or `;' are considered comments and ignored; sequences can be upper or lower case, blanks,tabs and unrecognizable characters are ignored. lalign/plalign expect sequences to use the single letter amino acid codes, see protcodes(1) .

OPTIONS

lalign and the other programs can be directed to change the scoring matrix, search parameters, output format, and default search directories by entering options on the command line (preceeded by a `-'). All of the options should preceed the file name and ktup arguments). Alternately, these options can be changed by setting environment variables. The options and environment variables are:

-f # Penalty for the first residue a gap (-14 by default).

-g # Penalty for each additional residue in a gap (-4 by default).

-m # (MARKX) =1,2,3. Alternate display of matches and mismatches in alignments. MARKX=1 uses ":","."," ", for identities, consevative replacements, and non-conservative replacements, respectively. MARKX=2 uses " ","x", and "X". MARKX=3 does not show the second sequence, but uses the second alignment line to display matches with a "." for identity, or with the mismatched residue for mismatches. MARKX=3 is useful for aligning large numbers of similar sequences.

-s str
(SMATRIX) the filename of an alternative scoring matrix file. For protein sequences, PAM250 is used by default; PAM120 can be used with the command line option -s 120.

-v str
(LINEVAL) (plalign only) plalign can use up to 4 different line styles to denote the scores of local alignments. The scores that correspond to these line styles can be specified with the environment variable LINVAL, or with the -v option. In either case, a string with three numbers separated by spaces should be given. This string must be surrounded by double quotation marks. For example, LINEVAL="200 100 50" tells plalign to use solid lines for local alignments with scores greater than 200, long dashed lines for scores between 100 and 200, short dashed lines for scores between 50 and 100, and dotted lines for scores less than 50.
plalign -v "200 100 50"
Normally, the values are 200, 100, and 50 for protein sequence comparisons and 400, 200, and 100 for DNA sequence comparisons.

-w # (LINLEN) output line length for sequence alignments. (normally 60, can be set up to 200).

EXAMPLES

(1) lalign mchu.aa mchu.aa

Compare the amino acid sequence in the file mchu.aa with itself and report the ten best local alignments. Sequence files should have the form:

>MCHU - Calmodulin - Human ...
ADQLTEEQIAEF ...

(2) plalign qrhuld.aa egmsmg.aa 50

Display the 50 best local alignments of the LDL receptor (qrhuld.aa) with epidermal growth factor precursor (egmsmg.aa). Plot the results on the screen.

(3) lalign

Run the lalign program in interactive mode. The program will prompt for the name of two sequence files and the number of alignments to show.

SEE ALSO

ssearch(1), rss(1), fasta(1), protcodes(5), dnacodes(5)

AUTHOR

Bill Pearson
wrp@virginia.EDU


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